【摘要】 应用透射电镜、扫描电镜研究了多种粉尘对体外培养的肺泡巨噬细胞生物膜及细胞器的影响,主要结果如下:（1）透射电镜下观察到加矽尘培养的肺泡巨噬细胞,凡是粉尘位于次级溶酶体内,则胞质结构正常;若矽尘游离在胞质内,则可见线粒体肿胀、变性,胞质失去正常结构,核膜解离,证明矽尘首先影响溶酶体膜,同样浓度的TiO₂对细胞器损伤作用较小。（2）用扫描电镜观察了石英、石棉、石墨、二氧化钛、铍、锑等粉尘对体外培养的肺泡巨噬细胞生物膜影响、观察证明,在相同的作用条件下,不同粉尘对生物膜影响差异很大。石英引起膜损伤迅速而明显。（3）由于膜变化是细胞解体的主要原因,所以在选用药物时,首先应考虑保护胞细膜。本研究所观察的四种药物证明都有此作用。并从细胞死亡率的测定也得到证实。（4）用³H-亮氨酸掺入法,研究了四种粉尘对体外肺泡巨噬细胞蛋白合成能力的影响,证明以石棉影响最大。此法作为酶性指标,有方法简便、灵敏、重现性好等优点。更多还原

【Abstract】 The effects of mineral dusts on biomembrane and organelle in alveolar ma-crophages in vitro were studied by methods of transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, isotope tracing etc. The results suggest: (l) When the mineral dusts were concentrated at the secondary lysosome in the alveolar macrophages in vitro it indicates that the structure of cytoplasma is always normal. Swelling and degenerative mitochondria, abnormal structure of cytoplasma and seperated karyolemma were observed when silicon dusts spread in cytoplasma. It demonstrates that silicon dusts have an effect on the lysosomal menbrane primarily while TiO2 at the same concentration has an minor effect on organelle damage. (2) The investigation of the effects of dusts of quartz, asbestos, graphite, TiO2, Be, Sb etc. on biomembrane of alveolar macropages in vitro indi- cates that they differed greatly at the same concentration. The effect of quartz dusts on biomembrane was inducing damage quickly and obviously. (3) Since the changes of cytoplasma are the main cause of cell deterioation it is postulated that stress should be put on choice of drugs with protection effect on cytomembrane. Such as VitE, SOD, PVPNO and piperaquine phasphate in order to prevent cell damage. It is also confirmed by cell survival determination. (4) The study on effects of the four kind of mineral dusts on protein synthesis in alveolar macro-phages was carried out by incorperation of 3H-Leu. The results indicate that among them asbestos dusts have the most marked effect on protein synthesis. This method as a test for toxicity has many advantages because it is simple, sensitive and reproducible.更多还原