【摘要】 就178个西、南亚稻种进行光温鉴定的结果,品种的感光性、感温性,均以中等居多。粳稻的感光性、感温性强于籼稻,我国南方的粳稻从播种至抽穗均少于100天,而不同于芒稻。西、南亚稻种的光温反应型共有20个,其中多数为中稻类型,有7个类型120个品种;相当于早稻的有6个类型12个品种;晚稻7个类型46个品种。各类型的稻种间,印度的陆稻对光温的反应较为敏感,和云南的陆稻相近,具有较广的适应性。来自阿萨姆地区的5个稻种分属5个光温反应型,可以看出这一地区的稻种具有一定的复杂性。镰刀谷是一个特殊类型,有籼有粳,其感光性感温性均属中等,在短日条件下,播种至抽穗多在75～85天之间,而且米质优良,是很好的杂交亲本。本试验中Aus、Boro、Aman三种类型稻种不多,与华南籼稻比较,基本上Aus属早稻,Boro属中稻,Aman属晚稻。据现在的认识,Aman属籼稻亚种生态群,而试验中一个名为Matia Aman的却是粳稻。并发现南亚地区还有为数不少的晚粳。同名品种,其光温反应型和熟期的早迟亦有不同,在利用同名品种时应该注意区别。更多还原

【Abstract】 An investigation of 178 rice cultivars from South-western Asia showed that most of them were moderately sensitive to photoperiod and temperature fluctuation. Cultivars of the Keng (japonica) type were more sensitive than those of hsien (indica) type, such as the Keng rice in South China. They all headed in less than 100 days from seeding and were thus distinguished from bulu and gundil.From the results we have obtained so far 20 types of "photo-therm response patterns" (PTRP) and among the 178 cultivars, the majority are of medium season, with only 6 being early and 7 being late. The predominance of medium type is accounted for by our sample being selected from the "intermediate" types of Glaszmann.*The upland cultvars from India seem to be better adapted to various climatic conditions,since, like the upland rice in Yunnan, they are less sensitive to photoperiod and change of temperature. Five cultivars from Assam each has its own PTRP, suggesting the high diversity in this region. The "sickle-shaped" rices represent a special type. They consist both hsien and Keng subspecies, with moderate sensitivity, taking 75-85 days from seeding to heading under short-day condition. They are all of superior quality and may be useful in quality breeding.The three seasonal groups, i. e. aus, boro and aman, were not well represented in this study as mentioned above. However, it is still evident that aus belongs to the early, boro the medium and aman the late type. To our present understanding, aman is an ecogroup of the hsien subspecies, but unexpectedly, the Matia Aman was identified by us as a Keng cultivar and we have found also that in South Asia there exists indeed a good number of late Keng varieties.Further evidence indicates that varieties bearing the same name may differ in their PTRP and growth duration. It is advisable for the plant breeder to take this fact into consideration.更多还原