【摘要】 四川的棉花生产实践已证明:陆地棉品种间的杂种优势利用是一条实现丰产、抗病、优质的育种途径。已推广的“川杂3号”、“川杂4号”和“杂交早”等杂交种其竞争优势达15.1～33.6％,平均皮棉产量增加9.24～11.8公斤/亩。迄今,我们在陆地棉中已发现4个显性雄性不育材料和三个隐性雄性不育基因。携带有这三个隐性雄性不育基因的材料分别以“洞A”、“石A”和“阆A”为代表,其基因符号依次暂定为msc₁、msc₂和msc₃。利用msc₁和msc₂基因已分别育成丰产、抗病和高纤维强力的3个核雄性不育两用系“473A”、“抗A₁”和“1355A”用于杂交种的配制。已从一种可能具有修饰基因或基因互作的材料中育成了对现有棉花核雄性不育系的完全保持系——M系,可使msc₁基因纯合棉株的后代不育株率和不育度都达到100％。有可能为今后棉花杂种优势利用开辟一条新途径。本文还论述了“两系法”的制种技术和杂交棉种子生产体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 It has beer proved in the practice of cotton production in Sichuan that the utilization of intervarietal heterosis in upland cotton is a successful way to breed the hybrids with high yield,disease resistance and good quality.The hybrids Chuanza 3, Chuanza 4 and Zajiaozhao have been spreaded in cotton production in Sichuan and their competitive heterosis were as high as 15.1-33.6%. The lint yield increased by hybrids averaged 138.6-177kg/ha. Up to today, 4 dominant male sterile materials and 3 recessive male sterile genes have been found from upland cotton.Dong A,Shi A and Lang A are the representative materials for the three recessive genes respectively. The gene marks were tentatively named msc1, msc2 and msc3 in order. Using msc1 and msc2, three nuclear male sterile lines-473A, kangA and 1355A-which have the merits of high yield, disease resistance and high fibre strength have been selected and they have been used as both A and B line in the seed production of hybrid cotton. For the present nuclear male sterile lines, a complete maintaining line-Mline-has been selected from a material in which there probably are modifying genes or gene interaction. It could make the frequencies of both sterile plant and sterile flower of the subsequent generations of cotton plant with a pair of msc1 genes maintain 100%. It may open up a new way for the utilization of heterosis of cotton in the future. The techniques and system of seed production of hybrid cotton by the method using the nuclear male sterile line as both A and B line also are discussed in this paper.更多还原