【摘要】 <正> 新疆地处欧亚大陆中心,远离海洋,四周高山环抱。山体宽阔高大,山麓为狭窄的冲积平原,盆地中心为大沙漠。平原为干旱荒漠气候,山地为半干旱、半湿润的草原气候,山地中上部为湿润森林气候,最高山顶又是高寒草甸气候和永久冰雪。新疆平原干旱荒漠区的基本特点:降水量少,空气干燥,年蒸发量为年降水量的10倍以上,吐鲁番、哈密的年蒸发量2300—4160mm,为年降水量20mm以下的115倍以上;空气动更多还原

【Abstract】 Xinjiang is located in arid-deserted area. Owing to the shortage of water and bioresources, the fragility of ecological balance and the long-term unreasonable artificial activity, the environment is getting worse and worse, which is displayed mainly as follows: 1. The consuming amount of forest resource in mountain area is 2-13% larger than its growing amount. 2. The euphrates poplar in Tarim Basin is decreased 46.9%. 3. The area of deserted lands is enlarged. 4. Natural grassland is degraded, and the grass yield is decreased 20—40%. 5. Soil fertility is decreased, and the area of secondary salinization is enlarged to 34% of cultivated area. Main counter-measures for these are improving the establishment of oase and protecting the desert vegetations and natural forests.更多还原