【摘要】 监测上海1985、1986年猪群乙型脑炎抗体、蚊虫乙脑带病毒率提示上海乙脑病毒的生态学变化不大。1968年以来,上海乙脑发病率的持续下降、流行特征的改变当主要归于实施免疫接种。在乙脑疫苗使用前的1952～1967年,其流行与否似同猪饲养数、水稻种植面积多少和人群自然免疫高低有关。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the past thirty five years the prevalence of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Shanghai has showed great changes. This paper presents the surveillance of the disease with special attention to vaccination, host (pig) and vector mosquito (Culex tritaeniorhynchus). Before 1962, JE prevalence was lower and the annual incidence rates were around 4/100 000. Between 1963 to 1967,its incidence increased markedly peaking at 43.48/100000 in 1965. This outbreak was correlated with the rapid increase of the number of pigs and expansion of rioefield (breeding place for vector mosquito). In 1968, inactivated JE vaccine was given to children from 1 to 10 years of age and ever since 1973 the annual JE incidences were dropped to 4.03/100 000 or lower. In July of 1985 and 1986, pigs were found all infected with JE and mosquito infection rates (MIE) with JE virus were estimated to be 5.9/1000 and 6.7/1 000 respectively. Although the MIE were similar to that in 1955 (MIE, 4.0/1 000) and the size of swine population and the area of rioefield were larger than doubled, the annual JE incidence rates in humans in 1985 and 1986 were as low as 1.60/100 000 and 1.75/100 000 respectively. Thus, the successful control of JE in Shanghai should be mainly attributed to the vaccination of children.更多还原