【摘要】 物质和能量的多层次利用是提高农业生态系统经济效益和生态效益的有效途径,构成生态农业研究的一个重要领域。本文从分析各农业产业间物质、能量的关系入手,探讨了多层次利用之所以能够提高物质、能量利用效率的原理,提出多层次利用的结构可分产业内和产业间两个层次,而后者是更加重要的,是实现多层次利用物质、能量的基础。文章没有具体罗列各种多层次利用的模式(这类文献已经发表了很多),而是总结了七条设计多层次利用的一般原则,它们是:因地制宜的原则;合理确定产业及农业生物种类数目的原则;突出重点产业的原则;合理控制辅助能量的原则;尽量扩大生产者种群的原则;合理安排空间布局的原则;加强防疫的原则。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the four outstanding characteristics of agricultural ecosystem Clarge amount of input and output; large quantity of auxiliary energy flow; shortened food chains; extended detritoiis chains) and the relationship of materials and energy flow between agricultural enterprises, the author proposed that the combination of agricultural ehterprises was the foundation of effective and multiple utilization of materials and energy in agricultural ecosystems. But this did not mean that all agricultural ecosystems made up of several agricultural enterprises could achieve promising results. In order to achieve the best result and to set up new systems in which materials and energy can be best utilized withi high effects and low. costs, seven general principlss were discussed; 1. Principle of adoptation to the local environmental condiitions. 2. Principle of determining reasonable numbers of agricultural enterprises. 3. Principle of pushing forward the key enterprises. 4.Principle of maintaining a suitable auxiliary energy flow. 5. Principle of expanding population of producers. 6.Principle of rational space arrangements. 7.Principle pf strengthening pest control.更多还原