【摘要】 麦蚜在我国分布广、为害重,又传播病毒病,是小麦的重要害虫。近年麦蚜的发生为害有增长的趋势,有些地方反映农药防效下降、用药次数增加。本文介绍1983—1987年5年中采用6个省市的8个地区麦蚜种群对6种农药进行了点滴法毒力测定。探明了张掖和高台麦长管蚜[sitobion avenae (Fab.)]对氧化乐果产生10—15倍抗药性。用英国Rothamsted试验站的比色板试验法进行生化测定,结果同生物测定一致。作者认为该法是一种探测蚜虫抗药性简便可行的定性方法。用北京室内饲养的麦长管蚜以16种新老农药品种用点滴法进行了敏感水平测定,建立了麦长管蚜对16种供试农药的毒力基线。这对探测麦蚜抗药性、监测其抗药性动态变化打下一定基础。通过室内毒力测定、田间药效试验和20多万亩的大面积示范推广,作者提出杀螟松是防治麦蚜较理想的候选农药品种,以替换当前使用的药效已下降的乐果和氧化乐果、替换当前使用的毒性很高的杀虫剂甲胺磷。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wheat aphids are wide spread insect pests in China, which bear a close relation to the transmission of virus disease in wheat. Recently it has been claimed that some conventional pesticides cannot control wheat aphids so well as before. The present work aims at the solution of this problem. Susceptibility levels of grain aphid Sitobion avenue Fab. populations collected from eight places in six provinces to six pesticides are examined by topical application. It is found that the aphids from Gansu Province showed definite resistance to omethoate. A tile test developed by Rothamstcd Experimental Station in England gave the same results, and the test is considered as a very simple and useful qualitative measure for rapid detection of aphid resistance to pesticides. Susceptibility levels of grain aphids reared in the insectary to 16 pesticides are examined in Beijing and the toxicity base lines have been established. According to the laboratory and field tests conducted in Beijing, Hebei and Gansu, fenitrothion is found by us as a favourable candidate pesticide for wheat aphid control. It gives a more than 95% control of the aphid populations and can be used instead of omethoate and the highly poisonous methamidophos.更多还原