【摘要】 用甲苯为溶剂对八种中国油页岩样进行了非等温的超临界萃取实验.进行了不同萃取压力、终温、样品粒度、溶剂速率和溶剂中供氢组分含量等参数的系统实验.结果表明,甲苯溶剂超临界萃取油类产物产率是一般干馏方法的二倍.溶剂中加入供氢组分,能使油页岩中有机质回收完全.由不同温度下萃取溶液中萃取物浓度的变化得出,油页岩的超临界萃取动力学可用一级反应描述,过程分两段,活化能分别为120和180kJ·mol^-1左右.更多还原

【Abstract】 Eight Chinese oil shales were extracted under nonisothermal conditions with supercritical toluene and toluene-tetralin mixtures. Optimum extraction conditions for high liquid yield and high conversion were determined by systematic variation of extraction parameters: pressure, final extraction temperature, oil shale particle size, solvent flow rate, and H-donor content of the solvent. The results indicate that supercritical extraction of oil shale with toluene gives about twice as much oil yield as conventional retorting. With supercritical hydroextraction, where an H-donor is added to the supercritical toluene, nearly complete recovery of organic matters in the oil shale is possible with a high proportion of liquid products. From the concentration of extract in solution at different temperatures, the kinetics of supercritical extraction of oil shale was shown to be first order in rate, divided into two regions, with corresponding activation energies of about 120 and 180 kJ/mol, respectively.更多还原