【摘要】 本文根据实测资料建立了冬季青藏高原上地面辐射平衡与日照百分率、地面反射率之间的经验公式,并用此公式试验了纬度、时间、地面反射率和日照百分率对地面辐射平衡的影响。试验结果表明:冬季高原地面辐射能收支的盈亏状况是由地理纬度和地面反射率决定的。天空遮蔽状况(本文用日照百分率表示)仅影响其盈亏值的大小。亦即地面辐射平衡的地理分布形式由地理纬度和地面反射率所决定,但正、负中心的数值还受天空遮蔽状况的影响。冬季青藏高原地面辐射平衡场是一个由地理因子(地理纬度和自然地理带)作用下形成的基本场叠加上一个地面积雪区形成的扰动场。长江和黄河源区的巴颜喀拉山和藏北草原是冬季高原地面加热场最可能出现异常的关键区。更多还原

【Abstract】 An empirical formula for calculating surface radiation balance over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in winter with the percentage of sunshine and surface albedo was established based on the observational data. Using this formula the simulations of the effects of the latitude, date, surface albedo and sunshine duration on the surface radiation balance were conducted.The results show that the surface radiative energy budget over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in winter, either surplus or deficit, are dependent on the latitude and surface albedo, but the absolute values of surplus or deficit dependent on the cloud cover ( or sunshine duration ) .In other words, the spatial distribution pattern of surface radiation balance over the plateau is decided on the geographic latitude and surface albedo, but the amounts of both positive and negative value areas are affected by cloud cover. Therefore the spatial distribution pattern of surface radiation balance over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in winter consists of a basic pattern caused by the geographic conditions including latitude and surface natural properties and a adding disturbing pattern caused by snow cover.Two main disturbing areas were found, one is in Mt. Bayankala, the river head region of Yangtse River and Yellow River, another the grasslands in northern Xizang.更多还原