【摘要】 本试验通过黑麦草和苇状羊茅的杂交、杂种和黑麦草的回交以及杂种细胞遗传学的研究表明:四倍体多花黑麦草和苇状羊茅杂交所获种子发芽率极低,只有通过幼胚培养才能获得较多的杂种苗。苇状羊茅和黑麦草间种质的转移是有细胞学基础的;[L.multiflorum（4x）×F.arundinacea（6x）]F₁杂种植株与四倍体多花黑麦草回交以及与二倍体多年生黑麦草杂交时,可育雌配子染色体数分别约是n=28-35和n=13-24;从黑麦草育种的角度出发,四倍体多花黑麦草和苇状羊茅F₁杂种用四倍体多花黑麦草回交的效果比F₁杂种自交、F-1杂种和二倍体多年生黑麦草杂交的效果好;二倍体黑麦草和苇状羊茅F₁杂种回交结实率与回交后代的自交结实率极低不可能获得较大的群体,就这点而论,通过这种F₁（2n=28）和黑麦草回交进行黑麦草育种的途径效率较低。二倍体多花黑麦草×苇状羊茅和二倍体多年生黑麦草×苇状羊茅F₁杂种经秋水仙素处理后均获得了双二倍体（2n=56）。多花黑麦草（2n=28,14）和苇状羊茅F₁杂种植株田间越夏情况介于双亲之间。更多还原

【Abstract】 The cytogenetics and breeding utilization of intergeneric hybrids involving Lolium spp. and Festuca arundinaca have been studied. The results indicated: more hybrid seedlings of tetraploid annual ryegrass×hexaploid tall fescue could be produced by using embryo culture technique; the chromosome numbers of fertile female gametes observed in F₁ hybrids of L. multiflorum （4x）×F. arundinacea（6x） ranged from n=28 to n=35 and from n=13 to n=24 when the F₁ hybrid plants backcrossed or crossed with L. multiflorum （4x） and with L. perenne （2x）, respectively; from the standpoint of ryegrass breeding for summer-torance, a more effective program could be relied on backcrossing F₁ hybrids of L. multiflorum （4x）× F. arundinacea to tetraploid L. multiflorum rather than crossing to F₁ hybridswith L. perenne（2x） or selling the F₁ hybrids; backcrossing F₁ hybrids of ryegrass （2x）× tall fescue with ryegrass （2x） was not proved as an cffective way for ryegrass breeding because of its low backcrossing seed-set. Amphiploids （2n=56） were produced by cochicine treatment for both L. multiflorum （2x）× F. arundinacea F1 hybrids and L. perenne（2x）× F. arundinacea F₁ hybrids. The F1 hybridsplants of L. multiflorum（2n=14 and 28）× F. arundinacea showed intermediate summertolerance as compared with their parents.更多还原