【摘要】 中国东北包活辽宁、吉林、黑龙江三省及内蒙东部,其草场丰富多样,包括沼泽、草甸、草甸草原及草原,从东到西,可划分3个区: Ⅰ.穆棱—三江平原的草甸、沼泽草场, Ⅱ.松辽平原的草甸草原草场, Ⅲ.蒙古高原的草原草场。 文内不仅论述了各区草场的植被组成及分布规律,并为合理经营、利用与保护不同类型的草场,提供理论依据及采取有效措施的途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Northeast China including Prov. Liaoning, Prov. Jilin,Prov. Heilongjiang and the eastern part of Inner Mongolia. Thegrasslands in it are variety,rich and vast. The grassland comm-unity types are swamp, meadow, meadow steppe, and steppe asthe habitat dryer. The grassland in Northeast China could bedivided into three regions: 1. Meadow and Swamp in Muling-Sanjiang Plain The natural resources of meadow and swamp in this regionare the richest among those of other types of grassland in Northeast China. Deyeuxia angustifolia is almost the centre ofthe succession of tbe vegetation in its dynamic status. Somespecies of Carex intrude into the community and become thecommunities dominated by Carex species(light swamp) as the soilmoisture increases, but the Phragmites comunies swamp (heavyswamp) becomes if the water stocks on the ground is intermitt-ent. The swamp area is very large in this region, and the turf(peat) of the swamp is a fine resource. The light swamp couldbe cleared to be cropland in a planned way progressively, whilethe heavy swamp should be reserved and that should be combinedwith the turf (peat) excavation, fishpond building and theanimal breeding so as to increase the ecological benefit and theeconomic benefit. The meadow could be cleared to be croplandand the animal husbandry, which the ox breeding was taken asthe main part, should be developed. Meanwhile, the shelterforest should be planted and the diversification should bedeveloped. Ⅱ. Meadow steppe in Songliao Plain Songliao Plain includes two parts: Songnen Plain and westLiao River Plain. The former is the main part of the region,the grassland communities in this area could be divided intoth ee ecological sequences according to the succession patternof the vegetation: (1) black soil ecological sequence;(2) al-kaline soil ecological sequence and (3) saline soil ecologicalsequence. The black soil area is suitable for clearing and pas-toralism; the alkaline soil area is suitable for pastoralism; butthe value of the saline soli area is lower than that of the twosequences above, so it should be improved to the alkaline soilsequence. To sum up, in Songnen Plain, animal husbandry andagriculture should be taken as the main trade and the shelterforest should be planted in the same time so as to increase theeconomic benefit, the ecological benefit and the social benefitsimultaneously. while in the West Liao River Plain, the ecological envir-onment had been destroyed seriously by the economic actionof human being. It seems as the desert in landscape now, andthe grass, tree should be planted to bind sand. Ⅲ. Steppe in Inner Mongolia Plateau This region is one of the main pasterol area of China. Stipais the representative plant and almost the centre of the successionof various ecological sequences in this region. In non-sand area,the grassland could be improved to be thc root stock grassland,which has higher value than that of the Stipa grassland. Butthis region is not suitable for large-scale agriculture, and theanimal husbandry shold be taken as the main trade instead. Fineherbage should be introduced and the sand binding forest shouldbe planted. Meanwhile, diversification should be developed andsuit measures should be taken to local conditions. The ecologicalequilibrium is fragile in this region, so it should be protectedcarefully.更多还原