【摘要】 <正> 五分期与源流 (一)对齐家文化的源流的研究,有赖于对它分期的正确认识。讨论齐家文化分期的基础,是迄今考古工作积累起来的有关资料。除前面分析过的几批资料外,还有将在后文提及的一些零星资料。它们基本上出于墓葬,遗址出土的很少。这自然将影响我们对齐家文化的面貌及分期的认识。同时,正如前面已指出的,齐家文化的分期与其遗址及墓地的分段是既有联系,又有区别的两个课题。遗址及墓地的分段和文化的分期,虽都是确认当时文化进程中的临界域,但其间是存在区别的。更多还原

【Abstract】 According to stratigraphical evidence and typological analysis, the remains of the Qijia culture discovered at Huangniangniangtai of Wuwei County, Gansu Province, at Dahezhuang and Qinweijia of Yongjing County, Gansu Province, and at other places in Gansu, Qinghai and Ningxia are divided into three periods of eight stages. The C-14 data from F7 at Dahezhuang reveal that the last three stages lie in the age of the Xia Dynasty.A comparison between the pottery shapes of the Qijia culture and those of the Keshengzhuang Ⅱ culture shows that the first and second stages of the first period of the former basically coincide with the latter, and that close relations exist between the two cultures. Complexes of the Qijia culture from the third stage of the first period onward are later than the Keshengzhuang Ⅱ culture.The second stage of the first period of the Qijia culture is later than the Banshan-Machang culture by stratigraphy, and the former culture is not an outgrowth of the latter one according to the results of a comparison of their pottery objects. The complex discovered at Xinglongzhen and Xiaqijia in Xiji County, Ningxia, is earlier than that represented by H1 at Qinweijia, and the latter is earlier than the Qijia culture. So it is possible that the Qijia culture might have been developed from the Xinglongzhen-Xiaqijia complex.A study of the tombs of joint burial and cemeteries of the Qijia culture shows that from the fourth stage in the second period, it was developing in the stage of patriarchy and the society consisted of households and clans. In the eighth stage, the cohesion of the family in the household, or of the monogamous unit, was stronger than before and its influence increased to be felt. As a result, the household began to split up. There was then a social stratum of wizards. Animal husbandry and copper metallurgy became the foundation of the society. The metal objects produced in the third and fourth stages are entirely copper, but the seventh and eighth stages saw the appearance of bronze. There was a period in the culture when only copper was known, and this gives a clue to researching Chalcolithic complexes in China.更多还原