【摘要】 通过动脉灌注,本实验研究了100侧不同年龄(新生儿至87岁)尸体标本股骨下端的血液供应,其血液主要来自膝上内、外侧动脉、膝降动脉和膝中动脉。除膝中动脉外,上述动脉均围绕股骨髁上部,组成囊外动脉环。完整者占55±4.97%,前部借骨膜动脉网间接相连者占45±4.97%。骺软骨板干骺侧的动脉呈刷状排列,以陡转的毛细血管袢紧接肥大软骨细胞层。干骺前、后动脉发自囊外动脉环和网,分布于髁上部。骺内、外侧动脉各发自膝降动脉和膝上内、外侧动脉,分布于内、外侧髁的内、外侧区。骺前和骺髁间动脉各发自骨膜动脉网和膝中动脉,分布于髁间区。骺动脉在骨化区互连成毛细血管前动脉和毛细血管网,在骨骺中,藉管径25～100μm的吻合支连接成丛。随骺板的闭合,干骺动脉与骺动脉之间乃建立广泛吻合。本文对股骨下端动脉的形态、经过、分布及其临床意义进行了讨论。更多还原

【Abstract】 The arterial supply of the lower end of the human femur in 100 specimens, ranging in age from the newborn to 87 years, was studied by the perfusion method. Its blood supply is derived from the medial and lateral superior genicular arteries, the descending genicular artery and the middle genicular artery. A complete extracapsular anastomotic ring, surrounding the supracondylar portion of the lower end of the femur, is formed by the medial and lateral superior genicular arteries and the descending genicular artery in 55±4.97%. Its incomplete anterior part is linked by the periosteal arterial network in 45±4.97%. The vessels at the metaphyseal side of the growth plate end in a brush-like pattern, intimately connected to the hypertrophic layer of cells of the growth plate, each vessel turning back in a sharp loop. The anterior and posterior metaphyseal arteries which arise from the extracapsular anastomotic ring and network supply the supracondylar area. The medial and lateral epiphyseal arteries, arising respectively from the descending genicular artery and both superior genicular arteries, supply the medial part of the medial condyle and the lateral part of the lateral condyle. The anterior and intercondylar epiphyseal arteries, arising respectively from the periosteal network and the mildle genicular artery, supply the intercondylar area. The epiphyseal arteries which anastomose with each other in the ossific area of the epiphysis form the precapillaries and capillary network. The anastomotic branches between the epiphyseal arteries, ranging from 25 to 100 microns in diameter, form the arterial plexus in the epiphysis. With the closure of the epiphyseal plate, a free anastomosis is established between the metaphyseal and the epiphyseal vessels. The clinical significance of the topographical characteristics, the course and the distribution of the arterial supply to the lower end of the femur were discussed.更多还原