【摘要】 本文阐述并分析了世界各国农作物突变育种所取得的主要成就,包括各种农作物突变新品种的育成和各类突变体的获得。关于农作物突变新品种,分析了各国农作物突变育种的情况和特点;各种农作物的诱变情况;所采用的不同诱变手段以及所改良的性状。关于突变体,介绍了矮杆、早熟、优质、抗病、植物形态及其它特殊性状等六种类型。作者并从诱变育种目标、辐照材料的选择、突变体的间接利用、理化因素复合处理、无性繁殖植物的选育以及诱变与离体生物技术的结合等六个方面,简要讨论了突变育种的发展趋势。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, the world’s chief achievements in the mutation breeding of crops, including the development of new crop mutation varieties and new mutants, have been summarized and discussed. As regards new crop mutation varieties, the conditions and characters of crop mutation breeding in various countries,the inducing mutation conditions of various crops, the different mutagens and the improved characters have been analysed.As regards various mutants, their types, such as short culm, early maturity,good quality, resistanced to disease, plant morphology, especial character have been dealt with.Again,the author describes the trends of mutation breeding,by giving an account of the object of mutation breeding, the selection of radiation material, the indirect use of mutants, the repeat treatment by physical and chemical means,the development of orogagated plant,the combination of inducing mutation and in-vitro biotechnique.更多还原