【摘要】 本文叙述了在1983～1986年间应用同位素¹⁵N和³²P研究作物对氮肥和磷肥的吸收利用。实验表明,在淹水条件上,水稻对(¹⁵NH₄)₂SO₄和¹⁵NH₄NO₃形式的铵态氮利用率分别为40.58％和33.8O％;而对NH₄¹⁵NO₃和K¹⁵NO₃形式的硝态氮利用率分别为15.99％和15.30％,水稻对铵态氮的利用率显著高于硝态氮。在旱地条件下,谷子对(¹⁵NH₄)₂SO₄和¹⁵NH₄NO₃的利用率分别为52.4％和42.2％,而对NH₄¹⁵NO₃和K¹⁵NO₃的硝态氮利用率分别为71.6％和59.5％,谷子对铵态氮的利用率明显低于硝态氮。 用¹⁵N、³²P作示踪剂研究表明:水稻对氮磷复合肥中氮的利用率分别是:尿素磷铵44.65％,氯磷铵45.54％,尿素44.12％,尿素+普钙40.51％,硝酸磷肥36.65％。水稻对上述几种肥料的磷肥利用率是:硝酸磷肥22.55％,氯磷铵22.36％,尿素磷铵21.08％,尿素+普钙20.74％,普钙11.87％。 用放射性扫描和放射自显影方法研究表明,肥料磷在土壤中经过20天的垂直移动距离依次是:硝酸磷肥4.21cm>尿素磷铵4.20cm>氯磷铵4.0cm>尿素+普钙3.50cm>硫磷铵3.02cm>普钙3.0cm。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper describes results of the study on absorption and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus from fertilizers by crops with isotopes 15N and 32P in 1983~1986. The experiment showed that the rates of utilization of ammonium nitrogen by rice from (15NH4)2SO4 and 1SNH4NO3 are 40.58% and 33.80%, respectively, under paddy field, the rates of utilization of nitrate nitrogen by rice from NH415NO3 and K15NO3 are 15.99% and 15.30%, respectively. The rates of utilization of ammonium nitrogen is significantly higher than that nitrate nitrogen by rice. Under dry farming the rates of utilization of nitrate nitrogen by millet from NH415NO3 and K16NO3 are 71.6% and 59.5% respectively, and rates utilization of ammonium nitrogen from (16NH4)2SO4 and 16NH4NO3 are 52.4% and 42.2%, respectively, the rates of utilization of nitrate nitrogen is significantly higher than that ammonium nitrogen by millet. Uptake and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus by rice were studied with 15N and 32P as tracers. Efficiency of utilization of nitrogen is respectively.urea-ammonium phosphate 44.65%, ammonium phosphate-chloride 45.54%, urea 44.12%, nitric phosphate 36.65%. Efficiency of utilization of phosphorus respectively is. 22.5% for nitric phosphate, 22.36% for ammonium phosphate-chloride, 21.08% for urea-ammonium phosphate,20.74% for urea 4-superphosphate, 11.80% for superphosphate. The determin-ation of radioactive scanning and autoradiography method show that the vertical moving distances of the 32P of fertilizers in the soil are in order, nitric phosphate 4.2lcm, urea-ammonium phosphate 4.20cm, ammonium phosphate-chloride 4.oicm, urea + superphosphate 3.socm, ammonium phosphate-sulfate 3.12cm, superphosphate 3.00cm after 20 days.更多还原