【摘要】 1983～85年对本地区22个冬小麦品种的产量及其构成因素与上部三个节的茎、叶和穗部性状的关系进行了研究。结果表明,在产量水平为5～6吨/公顷时,决定产量的主导因素是穗粒重,其中千粒重和穗粒数的贡献大体相同。上部三个叶片性状有较大的一致性,旗叶宽、面积、绿色面积持续期对穗粒数、粒重、穗粒重有中度正相关,其中叶宽影响较大;但与穗数/米~2呈中度负相关,因而与产量表现为一定程度的正相关。茎、鞘直径与产量构成因素关系比长度密切,上部茎节直径影响也比下部大。逐步回归分析表明决定产量的还是产量构成因素本身,旗叶性状居从属地位,其中开张角、基角和叶宽对千粒重的影响较大。将产量居前五名品种的主要性状平均值与由曲线回归方程计算而得的“最优值”相比较,二者基本一致。据此提出选育产量潜力为6吨/公顷上下品种时可加考虑的冠层性状指标。更多还原

【Abstract】 Relationships between yield and its components and structures abovethe top 3 nodes were studied among 22 winter wheat cultivars underhigh yielding conditions in 1983-1985.It was found that yield/head,towhich 1000 kernel weight and kernels/head contributed almost equally,played a more important role than heads/m~2 in determining yield.Thewidth,area and green area duration of flag leaf lamina correlated po-sitively with yield/head,1000 kernel weight and kernels/head but neg-atively with heads/m~2,so that their ultimate relations to yield weremostly positive,though to a less extent.Similar trend was observed inspike characters.In relation to yield components the diameter of leafsheath and that of internode extrusion were more important than thecorresponding length;the effect of the diameter of upper extrusion ex-ceed that of the lower one.Stepwise regression analysis showed that-flag leaf characters as compared with yield components had only a minor effect on yield.Flag leaf open angle(negative in effect),basalangle and width exerted more influence on 1000 kernel weight.A comp-arison of the mean performance of the top 5 highest yielding cultivarswith the calculated optima of corresponding characters from curvilinearequations indicated that they matched fairly well,hence some paramet-ers of selection for a yield potential at an approximate level of 6 t/hawere formulated.更多还原