【摘要】 从（T.durum×H.villosa）F₁的自交和自由授粉后代中,获得了兼具硬粒小麦穗形和簇毛麦护颖颖脊刚毛、叶片和叶鞘边缘茸毛和对白粉病免疫等双亲性状的结实性正常的植株。经细胞学鉴定,其2n=42,在花粉母细胞减数分裂中期 I（MI）有20.5个二价体,1个左右单价体,在80%左右的花粉母细胞中有21个二价体,对其自交后代连续3年、5个世代的鉴定结果表明,上述性状已基本稳定。用染色体 N——分带技术进行带型分析的结果证明,它是一个包含有硬粒小麦 A、B 染色体组和簇毛麦 V 染色体组的硬粒小麦——簇毛麦双二倍体 AABBVV.该双二倍体株高100—110厘米,穗长9—12厘米,每穗有20—24个小穗,每穗30粒左右,千粒重25—35克,籽粒蛋白质含量20%左右,对白粉病免疫,抗锈病,感染赤霉病。将它与普通小麦（T.aestivum）杂交,F₁植株的花粉母细胞在 MI 有14个左右二价体和14个左右单价体,自交结实率仅3%左右。但用普通小麦回交,结实率可逐代提高。在回交后代群体中,已分离出对白粉病免疫的植株,是一个可望在小麦育种计划中利用的新中间型材料。对（硬粒小麦“中引1320”×簇毛麦）F₁和上述双二倍体的研究表明,（硬粒小麦“中引1320”×簇毛表）F₁可以产生染色体不减数的配子,不减数的雌、雄配子结合可获得自然加倍的异源多倍体。这种产生更多还原

【Abstract】 The plants with normal fertility and characteristics of both parentssuch as the ear morphology of T.durum and clusterring bristles on glumeridges,hairiness of leaf edges and leaf sheath edges and the immunityto powdery mildew of H.villosa were obtained from self-pollinated oropen-pollinated progenies of（T.durum×H.villosa）_F1hybrids.Cytologi-cal analysis showed that the 2n chromosome number of these plants eq-ualed to 42,20.5 bivalents and about lunivalent per PMC at MI ofmeiosis were observed.In nearly 80% of the PMC’s there were 21 biva-lents.The results of observation of successive five generations in threeyears showed that the above-mentioned characteristics of these plantswere generally stable.By N-banding technique these plants have becnproved to be amphidiploids with AABBVV genome constitution com-prising AABB of T.durum and VV of H.villosa.The amphidiploid of T.durum and H.vill（?）sa is characterized by100-110 cm of plant height,9-12 cm of spike length,20-24 spikelets andabout 30 kernels per spike,25-35 grams of 1000 kernels and a highseed protein content of about 20%.It is immune to powdery mildew,re-sistant to leaf and stem rusts and susceptible to scab.When the amphi-diploid was crossed with bread wheat（T.aestivum,AABBDD）F₁ pla-nts showed some 14 bivalents and approximately 14 univalents per PMCat meiosis and 3% self-pollinating fertility.However,the fertilitycould be gradully increased generation by generation through back-cros-sing.Plants with immunity to powdery mildew were isolated from theback crossing population,and these plants might be used as a new bri-dge material for wheat improvement.The results from the investigation on（T.durum C.I.1320×H.vi-llosa）_F1and on the amphidiploid indicated that（T.durum C.I.1320×H.villosa ）_F1may generate the gamets with non-reduced number of chro-mosomes,and a natural alloploid could be produced by fusion of thenon-reduced female and male gamets.This type or way of allopolyploidproduction may be of theoretical and practical importance.更多还原