【摘要】 作者在整理和分析了680口钻井测温资料的基础上,编制了中国南部1000m、2000m和3000m地温分布图和地温梯度图,它们表明地温分布受地壳结构的严格控制,并与区域地质构造的性质有密切的关系;稳定地区和构造活动较强烈的地区,地温分布有朗显的差异,前者低于后者。按照地温分布规律和区域地质构造特征,可把中国南部的地温场划分为:1)传导型;2)热水对流型;3)深部热源传导对流型;4)下渗径流冷却型。更多还原

【Abstract】 Southern China referred to in this paper embraces all the provinces to the south of latitude 32°N within the territory of China, exclusive of Tibet and Taiwan.The paper is based on the data obtained from temperature measurements of 680 boreholes drilled for petroleum, coal and hydrogeolog. The depth of these boreholes ranges between 1,000 and 2,000 m in most cases, being generally not less than 400 m and reaching 7,000 m in maximum.Through the elaboration and analysis of the temperature data, isotherm maps showing the temperatures at depths of 1,000 m, 2,000 m and 3,000 m respectively and a geothermal gradient map of southern China have been compiled. These maps indicate that the earth’s temperature distribution in southern China. is characterized by a relatively low value in areas of its central partand those to the west of the Anning River valley of the western part (30℃, 40℃ and 70℃ atdepths of 1,000 m, 2000 m and 3,000 respectively), and a comparatively high value in the southeastern coastal areas and western Yunnan (60℃, 80℃ and over 120℃ respectivxely), and that the geothermal gradient also increases from less than 1.5℃/100m in the central part towards both the east and the west to 2.0-3.0℃/100 m or even over 4.0℃/100 m.The earth’s temperature distribution is strictly controlled by the deep structure of the earth’s crust and is very closely related to the character of the regional geolopgical structure. The stable central areas remarkably differ in the earth’s temperature distribution from the tectonically active areas such as the southeastern coastal areas and the Jinggu-Tengchong area in western Yunnan, the former being lower than the latter. Meanwhile, due to the well-developed karst features in southern China, the strong groundwater flow may exert certain cooling effect on the temperature down to a depth of about 1,500 m.According to the regularity of the earth’s temperature distribution, regional deep structure of the earth’s crust, regional geological structure and hydrogeological conditions, the following four models are proposed to explain the mechanism of formation and distribution of the earth’s temperature flields in southern China: 1) conduction type; 2) convection type; 3) deep heat-source conduction-convection type; and 4) precipitation infiltration cooling type.更多还原