【摘要】 利用大豆栽培种×野生种(Glycine max×G. soja)、栽培种×半野生种(G. max×G. gracilis)、栽培种×栽培种(G. max×G. max)三类组合研究了杂种后代性状的遗传规律及育种效果。结果表明,栽培种×野生种及栽培种×半野生种性状的变异程度和分离势远远大于栽培种×栽培种。这三类杂交组合出现优良类型的种类不同,栽培种×野生种容易产生高蛋白、极小粒以及多荚多粒中间类型;而栽培种×半野生种是选育出口型小粒豆的理想材料。栽培种×野生种、栽培种×半野生种性状的稳定速度慢,在选择时要适当放宽选择标准,延迟选择世代。建议引用属于有限型栽培种作为克服蔓生性之手段。试验还证实只有利用狭义遗传力和加性方差来计算预期遗传进度,才能使预期遗传进度同实际遗传进度结果趋于吻合。更多还原

【Abstract】 An attempt was made to compare the general and special genetic performance of characters among G. max × G. scja, G. max × G. gra-cilis and G. max × G, max crosses. Methods for studying quantitative inheritance were used. The purpose of the present study was to determine the value of wild and semi-wild soybean species in breeding program. The conclusions are as follows:1. when G. max were hybridized with wild and semi-wild parents, wide segregation for six characters was observed in F2 and F3 generations. The data indicated that a considerable degree of genetic potentiality could be derived from wild and semi-wild soybeans.2. The result of segregation of protein content, seed size, number of seeds per plant in F2 and F3 suggested that it was easy to obtain high protein and small seed size lines, lines with more pods and seeds per plant from crosses with wild and semi-wild parents. These lines could be used as parents for further breeding program or could be grown commercially.3. The nature of gene action appeared to (?)e mainly additive for protein content, seed size and plant height. Among characters studied, number of seeds per plant and seed weight per plant gave the largest dominant effect. In Cultivated × Wild and Cultivated × Semi-wild crosses, gene effects were larger than those in the Cultivated × Cultivated cross.4. In early generations (before F4 generation), major emphasis should be placed on the selection for protein content, seed size, and plant height, and with less emphasis on number of seeds per plant and seed weight per plant. In regard to the crosses involued with wild and semi-wild species, the intensity of selection should be lower and the generation of selection should be latter than in the normal situation of crosses within the cultivated species.5. The procumbent habit of growth of wild soybean was very difficult to be overcome directly. The elimination of soybean wild habit was of crucial importance for utilization of wild soybean in breeding program.更多还原