【摘要】 栽培大豆和野生半野生大豆杂交后代的蔓生倒伏性是利用野生、半野生资源的主要障碍之一。本试验以二个G. max×G. soja组合和一个G. max×G. gracilis组合的F₁代为待改良群体,分别与不同结荚习性的三个G. max品种回交,对9个回交一代（BF₁）的株高、茎粗和蔓生倒伏性作了分析比较,结果如下: 1.BF₁代株高分离下限受回交亲本（栽培大豆）的结荚习性的影响明显,分离上限受待改良群体（F₁杂种）的影响大。用有限性和亚有限性品种回交对降低后代株高效果较用无限性品种明显得多。 2.茎粗受双亲影响。F₂代半野生组合的茎粗较大。以栽培大豆,特别是有限性,亚有限性品种作回交亲本,增加茎粗明显,尤其表现在茎下部的茎粗上。 3.种间杂种用栽培大豆回交后,缠绕蔓生性减弱,以有限性和亚有限性品种回交, 直立性获得明显改进,半野生组合再用有限性、亚有限品种回交,BF₁代可出现接近直立类型单株。 4.直立性表现受株高、茎粗的综合影响。从种间杂交后代的直立性考虑,杂交和回交时,以有限和亚有限、粗杆类型或早熟类型作亲本或回交亲本,后代直立性较好。这种直立性的改进有利于种间杂种利用,但如何与高蛋白和丰产性结合,尚待继续深入研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 For the purpose of overcoming the viny and lodging habit of hybrid progenies from crosses between cultivated soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and wild soybean (G. soja (L.) Sieb. & Zucc.), and between cultivated soybean and semi-wild soybean (G. gracilis Skvortz.), the F1 (to be improved population) of such crosses were backcrossed with different growth types of G. max which were taken as recurrent parents and 9 crossing combinations were made. Through the comparative study between the performance of progenies of F2 of the original single crosses and that of F1 of the backcrossed combinations (BF1) the following conclusions were drawn:(1) The lower limit of the segregation range of plant height of BF1 was significantly influenced by that of the growth type of the recurrent parent, while the upper limit were greatly influenced by the to be improved population (F1) parent.Determinate and erect types of soybean were more effective to reduce plant height of the pro-improving populations than indeterminate type when they were used as recurrent parents.(2) Stem thickness of hybrid progenies was influence by that of both parents. When determinate or semi-determinare type was used as recurrent parent for backcrossing, the increase of stem thickness, especially at the lower part of the stem, of the BF1 progenies was quite evident.(3) When soybean interspecific hybrids were backcrossed with cultivated soybeans,the backcrossed progenies performed less viny and less twining, when determinate or semi-determinate soybeans were used as recurrent parents,the erectness of the to be improved population was greatly improved,and nearly erect types might be selected out from BF1.(4) Stem erectness was comprehensively influenced by plant height and stem thickness. In consideration of stem erectness of the proge nies of soybean interspecific crosses, determinate and semi-determinate and thick stem or early types should be used as parents for both pedigree selection crossing and backcrossing. The improvement of stem erectness of hybrid progenies is quite esntial when hybridization betw een annual soybean species is used for the development of commericial soybean cultivars. However, the combination of stem erectness with high protein content and high yield characteristics needs further study.更多还原