【摘要】 <正> 近年来,在西北欧洲应用冰缘现象来恢复古气候环境,显得越来越重要了,这些现象包括冰裂楔形构造、冻融挠曲构造、冻胀丘和冻丘、融冻泥流以及与冰缘环境有关的风成沉积。现在普遍认为这些现象对判断寒冷环境或冻缘环境是有效的。晚冰期时,斯堪的纳维亚大冰盖一直扩展到欧洲大陆的北缘,在它的外围,西面从英国南部和法国北部开始,向东经比利时、荷兰、丹麦、德国、波兰,一直到苏联的波罗的海沿岸是宽广的冰缘带,冰缘现象十分发育,保存比较完好,这个地带又是欧洲第四纪研究程度较高更多还原

【Abstract】 During the last Pleistocene glaciation, a broad zone of severe perigla-cial environment outside the ice-sheet limits stretched eastwards across the north European plain from southern Britain into Germany and beyond. The periglacial features include ice-wedge casts, sand wedges, cryoturbation structures ( involutions ) and patterned ground, solifluction sheets, frost mounds, and pingoes. Two main periods of ice-wedge formation are indicated during the last ( Weichselian ) glaciation: 60,000 to 50,000yr.B.P.and 25,000 to 15,000 yr. B.P..The evidence of permafrost, together with pollen and other data,suggests a mean annual temperature of about -6℃.Aeolian sand sheets of Pleistocene cover large areas of north-western Europe between northern France and the Baltic Sea. It rarely exceeds 2m in thickness and consists mainly of silty fine sand with planar bedding, sometimes laminated. Grain size decreases from NW to SE, silt content increasing. It grades into loessic silts towards the SE. Two major episodes are recorded in the Older Cover Sands, correlated with the middle and late phases of the Weichselian glacial stage. The European Loess Belt extends into the U.S.S.R., but in western Europe it is very different from the loess of China. The deposits are rarely more than 10m thick, many of them being laminated and showing widespread evidence of transport by running water and disturbance by frost cracking and heaving. They are best described as loesslike sediments.更多还原