【摘要】 <正> 1981年1—12月,笔者在南极戴维斯(Davis)站工作期间,对站区沿海海冰的形成和破裂过程以及海冰的一些物理性质作了观察,并且从3月20日至11月30日,和澳大利亚考察队员一起,测量了海冰厚度和冰下水温(每周一次)。最近笔者又查阅了南极大陆东部沿海站区有关海冰的一些资料并进行了比较。现将这些观测资料介绍于后,供我国海冰和南极研究者参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Course of sea ice formation and break and its physical features were observed from January to December, 1981 along the coast at Davis Station (68°30′S, 78°E), East Antarctica. Changes of ice thickness and water temperature beneath sea ice were also measured.Sea ice at Davis, as in many other coastal areas around East Antarctica, begins to form in mid-march and grows to 170cm thick in maximum in November. The sea ice rapidly thickened at 10-12cm a week in the first three weeks due to the freezing of snow fall in the loose ice newly formed. Growth rate was 6.5 to 5 cm a week from April to July, then slowed down to 2 - 4 cm a week from August to early November.Water temperature beneath sea ice varied between -1.8℃ (Sea water freezing point at Davis) to -2.6℃, and dropped down to the minimum (- 2.6℃) from mid-march to the end of May as air temperature fell. Therefore sea ice grew rapidly in super cold water in that stage. From October to early November the sea water temperature rose up gradually and then sea ice began to be melt.Sea ice in the vicinify of Davis is composed of three layers. The upper layer, about 80cm thick, consists of white cellular and laminar fine ice frozen and formed from March to May. The middle layer is uniform column fibre frozen ice, 80cm thick, formed from June to September. The lower layer, about 10cm thick belongs to bottom frozen ice mixed with diatom and alga.Sea ice break between the end of November and early December happened almost all of a sudden, a direct effect of strong wind and wave. But the rise of water temperature and ice melting, were basic reasons更多还原