【摘要】 低温预处理延缓药壁中层和绒毡层的降解,促进表皮层和药室内壁层的发育,延缓花药过氧化物酶同工酶活性的增强。处理期间花药可溶性蛋白质、淀粉酶同工酶潜带发生明显变化。处理期间花药的~3H-TdR渗入和花粉的发育、分裂,表明花粉存在合成和充实活动。绒毡层和花粉间存在囊泡,表皮层和药室内壁层之间存在多泡体的穿壁运动,说明低温处理中药壁向花粉输送雄核发育所需的物质。在进入正常培养初期,经过低温处理的花药药壁仍有表皮层和药室内壁层的发育,多细胞花粉出现提早、数量增加,花粉退化延缓。而未经处理的花药药壁各层均迅速降解,花粉大量退化。更多还原

【Abstract】 Investigations on the morphological and biochemical changes of rice anther tissues and pollen grains were carried out in the period of cold pretreatment and at the initial stage of anther culture. The results are as follows:Cold pretreatment delayed the degenerations of tapetum and middle layer of anther wall, enhanced the developments of epidermis and endothecium, and retarded the increase of activities of anther peroxidase isozymes.Changes in electrophoretograms of both soluble proteins and amylase isozymes of anther took place obviously during the treatment. The incorporation of ~3H-TdR in anthers, and the development and mitosis of microspores showed that there were synthesis and enrichment of substance in microspores. The vesicles between tapetal cells and pollen grains, and the multivesicular bodies penetrating through epidermal and endothelial cells might show that anther wall tissues supplied microspores with synthetic and degraded substances.At the initial stage of anther culture, it was obvious that the epidermis and endothecium continued to develop, the appearance and increase of multicellular pollen grains moved up after pretreatment, while the anther wall tissues and microspores without cold pretreatment degenerated rapidly. So it was considered that cold pretreatment delayed the degeneration of anther wall tissues and microspores, and won over enough time for anther wall tissue to supply microspores with substance needed for androgenesis. The effect might be the important reason why cold pretreatment could remarkably raise the efficiency of rice anther culture.更多还原