【摘要】 本文通过对水化观测技术、测试仪器、观测点的环境条件及干扰因素、预报地震效能、水化异常机理等方面作较深入系统的清理研究,总结了16年来我国水化地震监测预报工作的经验教训。 大量的实际资料表明,地震前后,地下水气体—化学组分出现明显变化,地壳运动和地壳应力应变引起的深层及浅层的地球化学信息,有可能通过地下水迅速传到地表。地震水文地球化学前兆信息的提取,扩大了用传统的地球物理方法探索地震信息的领域。利用水文地球化学方法进行地震预报在各个方面都取得了进展,但是由于水化组分变化受多种因素的控制,特别是现有观测系统方面存在的弱点和局限性,当前的观测预报仍然处于较低水平。文中对存在问题及今后攻关方向进行了讨论。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, we summarized the results and experiences of the hydrogeoche-mical method for earthquake monitoring and prediction in the last 16 years in China, based upon a systematical review and study on the observational techniques instruments, conditions and disturbance of observational sites, predictive effectiveness and the mechanism of precursory hydrogecchemical anomalies. Numerous observational data show that the gas-chemical constituents of ground water varried significantly before and after large earthquakes. The variational processes of chemical composition in the deep and shallow layers of the earth crust caused by crustal movement and deformation can be observed at the surface through monitoring ground water. The obtained information of geochemical precursors before earthquakes have enlarged the traditional geophysical method in studying seismic signals.At present, some progresses have been made for the hydrogeochemical method applied in earthquake prediction, but the variations of chemical compositions are controled by various factors, especially the present monitoring system still have some shortages and limitations. The existed problems and future efforts to be laid in this research field are also discussed.更多还原