【摘要】 <正> 一、旱地径流农业及其重要性 在小流域水土保持综合治理中,把基本农田、林地、草地和道路的面积合理布局,形成一个保持水土发展农业生产的防护体系。在这个体系中有目的地收集林、路、草地雨水径流,为基本农田集蓄少量的水量,在作物的干旱关键时刻及时用水抗旱,使基本农田每年都有个好收成,这样的土地利用形式我们称为旱地径流农业。雨水径流的利用在我国早有发展,如场院旱井,沟头涝池,谷坊,淤地坝,引洪漫地等,它们都属更多还原

【Abstract】 The loess plateau is mostly arid or semi-arid, and the former practice of farming was to reap small harvests from extensive farmlands, in lack of the necessary manure and tillage, which contributed to an expedited loss of soil and water. The prerequisite for restoration of forests and grass on steep slopes which were formerly reclaimed for farming is the establishment of basic farms, increasing per mu yield. In carrying out comprehensive measures of small watersheds, rational zoning for agriculture, forestry .animal husbandry and space alloted to road-building, detention of floodwater for drought resistance of terraced fields are functional for the development of farming by using runoff from dry cropland and guarantee of high and stable yields. Based on runoffs measured for different kinds of land, the paper emphasizes reasonable layout of land used for farming, forestry and animal husbandry and feasibility of development of farming based on utilizaton of runoffs from dry croplands. The paper also presents ways of utilization of land on ridges, mounds and slopes, and measures for cutting down losses due to evaporation and seepage, as well as small-sized storage works for farm use, such as water-retention wells or covered reservoir, occupying only a little or no land at all.更多还原