【摘要】 以秦振庭等对近三千名七岁以下、能获得充分营养及合理护理的男女儿童的身长和体重测量结果为基础,制定了一份七岁以下儿童身体发育标准。把秦氏材料中男女儿童的身长和体重生长曲线和标准差曲线修勺,画成光滑曲线,即为此样本中的“理论”生长曲线。从这些曲线上可以读出以一个月为年龄组距的各年龄组男女儿童的身长和体重的修正平均值和相应的标准差。用这些数值先制成一份表。然后把每一个年龄组的修正平均值M加减一个或两个标准差S,连同超过两端范围的,就可以把每个年龄组的身长或体重的发育水平划分为六个等级。用这些数字来制定一份“七岁以下儿童的身长和体重发育水平评定标准表”。 在评定一个儿童的身长或体重发育水平时,先按照规定的要求,测量儿童的身长或体重,然后根据儿童的准确年龄,在标准表中查出该儿童的测量值在哪一个等级数字的范围内,就可以决定该儿童的身长和体重发育水平属于哪个等级。 用这个标准评定了15个托儿所的1672名儿童的身长和体重发育水平,并在这个基础上,又对每一个托儿所儿童的身长和体重的“集体发育水平”作了评定。结果看出:各单位儿童的身长和体重集体发育水平的高低,是和膳食的营养质量与生活条件有直接关系的,因而这样制定的标准和评定方法都是合用的。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the early days, the standards for body height and weight of man were usually derived from the anthropometric data of retrospective studies, and the growth standards for children were also constructed from data of the same nature. The population thus measured consisted of the so-called "normals", i.e. excluding the anatomical abnormals and those with apparent chronic diseases. It is evident that the body size, particularly the height, of most of the boys and girls measured might not have attained their optimal stage.It is well recognized now that, within the limits of heredity, the body size of man is strongly influenced by the environment in which he lives, and the nutritive value of the diet plays an important role on growth. So, in nowadays, in the construction of growth standards, emphasis is placed on measuring children living under favorable conditions and in optimal nutritional state.Chin and co-workers published (1957) their data of measurement of nearly 3,000 carefully selected children, from birth to 7 years with known backgrounds as stated above. This seems, therefore, to be the most suitable material for constructing a growth standard for preschool children.The method of construction is as follows: Chin’s growth curves of height and weight and the corresponding S.D. curves were smoothed out in order to obtain the "ideal" growth curves of the children measured. From such smooth curves, the corrected average value of heights and weights of each age group were read off. The distances between each two age groups were all 1 month from birth to 7 years.For the convenience of evaluating the growth level of an individual child, the following scheme is proposed: it consists of 6 levels, namely: Level A (high): (M + 2S) and aboveB (middle high); (M + 2S) - (M + 1S)C (upper middle); (M + 1S) -(M)D (lower middle); (M) -(M-1S)E (middlelow); (M - 1S)-(M-2S)F (low); (M-2S) and belowWhere M is the mean value of height or weight, and S is the corresponding S.D. value.By using these figures, a "Table of the growth levels of children from birth to age 7" is constructed. Such a table may be used for the evaluation of the growth levels of both individual child and the "collective growth level" of a group of institutional children, i.e. in nurseries or kindergartens. To complete the later procedure, the percentages of the number of children who fall in each level (irrespective of sex and age) are calculated on the basis of the total number of children measured in an institution. By summing up the percentage value of levels A, B, and C (the sum is used as an index) one may easily judge the "collective growth level" of the group of children in such an institution.更多还原