【摘要】 水封式水力旋流器(离旋器)为一种新型的高效率分级设备,以其柱体部分的薄导流层及水封沉砂口而区别于普通水力旋流器。本文采用激光测速的方法,对水封式水力旋流器及普通水力旋流器的速度场进行了系统测定,得出了两种水力旋流器在速度场分布规律原则上相似的前提下,具有一系列重要差别的结论。水封式水力旋流器中心液柱的存在,柱体部分的单环流动,锥体部分的轴向零速楔形过度区,更强烈的离心旋转等都与普通水力旋流器明显不同,并对分级过程产生重要影响。研究表明,某些已被广泛引用的关于普通水力旋流器速度场的结论尚可商榷。本文还通过对实测数据的数学处理,给出了两种水力旋流器三维速度的数学表达式:其中u_t,u_z,u_r分别为切向、轴向及径向速度;r为半径;n,k,a,b,m,C均为随轴向位置而变化的参数。上述的轴向及径向速度的经验公式在同类研究中尚不多见。更多还原

【Abstract】 Having a thin flowing layer in the column part and being water-closed at the underflow part, the water-closed hydrocyclone, a new kind of highly effective classification cpuipment, is distinguished from the common hydrocyclones.This article deals with the velocity distributions of water-closed and common hydrocyclones by the laser measurement of their velocities. The measurement results indicate that there are some important differences between the velocity distributions of the two kinds of hydrocycloncs, though being similar in general. The water core around the axis, the single circle flowing in the column part, the wedge-shaped space of zero vertical velocity in the taper part and more violent centrifugal rotation are the characteristics of the water-closed hydrocyclone which are different from that of the common hydrocyclones and play an important part in the classification processes. With the mathematical regression of the measurement data, the empirical regression of the three-dimensional veloities of the two kinds of hydrocyclones are obtained as follows:u_tr~n=ku+z=1n((r/(a+br))u_rr~m=-cIn these formulae, u_t, u_z and u_r are the tangential, axial and radius velocity respectively; r is the radius; a, b, c, k, m and n are the parameters which vary with the situation in the axis and the kinds of hydrocyclones, The last two formulae rarely appear in other research. This article also indicates that some conclusions about the hydrocyclone which have been widely accepted are open to question.更多还原