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从滇池鱼类区系变化论滇池鱼类数量变动及其原因

AN ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSES OF FISH QUANTITY VARIANCE FROM CHANGES OF THE FISH FAUNA IN YUNNAN DIANCHI LAKE

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【作者】 何纪昌刘振华

【Author】 He Ji-chang Liu Zhen-hua (Department of Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming)

【机构】 云南大学生物系云南大学生物系

【摘要】 <正>滇池是个富养浅水型湖泊生态系统。该生态系统的环境,过去是以水生维管束植物繁茂,水质良好和水体平静为特征,原有的鱼类区系种类在这个生态系统中生活,不需作江湖之间洄游。多数种类产卵于水草或砾石上,然后孵化、生长、发育、繁殖,并循环它们的生命周期,这都是长期适应各自生态环境所形成的生殖特性。另外湖中各种鱼类种群数量兴衰的决定因素,并不在于各种鱼类坏卵量的多少,主要取决于孵化率及对食物的保障程度的适应性反映,从而调节种群的密度。因此,长期以来湖内鱼类种群与种群之间保持着一种动态平衡状态。在一个自然水体中鱼类数量变动是一个普遍现象。通常在环境条件相对稳定的情况

【Abstract】 After an investigation, we find that the component of the Dianchi fish fauna was simple before 1957. There were only 23 species which belonged to 18 genera and 7 families in the Dianchi lake, but since 1960 years they have increased to 52 species which belong to 38 genera and 12 families, being 29 species more than that before 1957. Because of successive breeding of fish in the lake since 1958, the component of the Dianchi fish fauna have changed obviously. According to our investigations from 1981 to 1983, there are only 7 species of local fish remained, which are Xenocypris yunnanensis Niehols, Anabarilius alburnop(Regan), Cyprinus carpio chilia Wu et Al, Oryzias latipes (T. etS.), Carassius auratus auratus (Linn.), Monopterus alba (Zuiew) and Misgurnus anguillicaudatus(Cantor). The specimens of other 16 local species of fish can’t be collected. They had died out possibly and had been replaced by species from other counties, which are Toxabxamis suinbonis Gunther, Hemiculter leuciscus (Basiewsky), Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck et Schlegel), Acanthorhodeus macropterus Bleeker, Rhinogobius giurinus Rutter, Hypseleotris swinhonis (Gunther) and Hyporhamphus intermedius (Canter), and many little fish which have been listed on the list of Dianchi fish fauna. Because of the partcipation of these little fish and other uneconomic fish, all the Dianchi lake has not been made best of its economical benefit properly and the yield of fish is much less.

【基金】 中国科学院科学基金
  • 【文献出处】 云南大学学报(自然科学版) ,Journal of Yunnan University (Natural Sciences) , 编辑部邮箱 ,1985年S1期
  • 【被引频次】14
  • 【下载频次】347
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