【摘要】 本实验中首先由栽培大麦×普通小麦的杂种幼胚诱导出愈伤组织,经过若干次继代培养,再由愈伤组织诱导出再生植株。采用此法在半年时间内由最初接种的一个杂种幼胚获得了上百株杂种植株。在愈伤组织细胞、再生植株的根尖细胞和中期Ⅰ花粉母细胞中,都看到了不同染色体数的镶嵌现象,其中在愈伤组织细胞和根尖细胞中还看到了染色体的自发加倍现象。在移栽成活的再生植株中出现了明显的无性系变异,这种变异既发生在不同植株之间,也发生在同一株的不同分蘖之间。杂种愈伤组织经过15个月的保存后仍然具有一定的分化能力,只是生长速度已明显下降。更多还原

【Abstract】 Callus induction and plant regeneration were successfully achieved by culturing immature embryos of intergeneric hybrids between Hordeum vulgare (2n=14) and Tri-ticum aestivum (2n=42). Upon repeatedly subculturing the hybrid culture proliferated rapidly, and more than 100 regenerated hybrid plantlets were isolated within six months after inoculation from only a single initial hybrid embryo. The media used for callus initiation, maintenance, shoot differentiatioin and root development were all the same, i.e. the inorganic ingredients of Murashige and Skoog medium were supplemented with 150 mg L-asparagine and 0.50 mg thiamine-HGl per litre, except that 2,4-D level was reduced step by step from 1.0 to 0.5, 0.1 and 0.0 mg/1. Cytological examinations conformed the hybrid nature of the culture, as well as the culture-derived plants (2m=28). However, mixoploidy was revealed as a distinct feature of them. Apart from the normal dihaploid and aneuploid cells, spontaneous amphiploid cells were also found in the culture and in the root tips of the regenerated plants with a chance of 4 and 0.7 percent respectively. Unfortunately, none of such cells was found in PMCs of the regenerants, suggesting that competition existed between the normal hybrid cells and amphidiploid and aneuploid cells during the course of callus differentiation and ontogenetic development of the regenerated plants. Conspicuous somaclonal variation was observed either among different regenerated plants or among different tillers of the same, plant. Altered characteristics concerned spike morphology, awn length, spike-neck color etc. Variants took up almost one half of the regenerants or about one third of all the culms.更多还原