【摘要】 本文报道了鲤科雅罗鱼亚科7属7种鱼的染色体组型。它们的染色体二倍数和核型特征差异较大,有5种鱼的2n=48。其中草鱼和赤眼鳟的核型相似,有较多的m和sm组染色体,臂数较高;综鱼和鳡鱼的核型接近,st组染色体较多,还有一对t组染色体,臂数较低;鳤鱼虽然没有t组染色体,但st组染色体特别多,臂数最低。另外两种鱼,马口鱼和宽鳍(?)的染色体二倍数在鲤科中非常特殊,分别为76和78,它们的臂数是相同的,NF-86。通过这7种鱼的核型分析,以及与其他有关鲤科鱼类核型的比较,对它们的染色体进化方式,和与此有关的鲤科鱼类的系统关系也进行了初步探讨。更多还原

【Abstract】 Karyotypic analyses of 7 species of leuciscid fishes were carried out by use of chromosome preparations made with either PHA-cultured kidney cells or uncultured kidney cells. These fishes, belonging to seven genera, comprise Ctenopharyngodon idellus, Luciobrama macrocephalus, Elopichthys bambusa, Opsariichthys bidens, Ochetobius elon-gatus, Zacco platypus and Squaliobarbus curriculus. They were collected from the markets in Wuhan City and Shashi City, Hubei Province and in Shaoguan district, Guangdong Province.As shown in Table 1, and Plate Ⅰ, Ⅱ, the diploid chromosome numbers (2n) of the 7 species vary in range from 48 to 78. Two of them, O. bidens and Z. platypus, have 2n of 76 and 78 respectively, while the other five species all have 2n of 48. Their kar-yotypic features are also quite different. However, the karyotypic formula and fundamental arm numbers of C. idellus and 8. curriculus are similar, and those of E. bambu-sa and L. macrocephalus as well as those of 0. bidens and Z. platypus are also similar respectively.Karyotypic studies by Ojima et al. (1972) in opsariichthine cyprinid fishes showed that Z. platypus and Opsariichthys uncirostris have 2n of 48 and 78 respectively. In spite of the differences in chromosome numbers of opsariichthine eyprinid fishes and chromosomal polymorphism displayed in Z. platypus, all of them have a similar NF. This suggests that centric fission be responsible for the increase of chromosome number in these fishes.In comparison of karyotypes of C. idellus and 8. curriculum with those of aforamidid, xenocyprinid and hypophthalmichthid fishes, they have some apparent resemblance. This seems to indicate that C. idellus and 8. curriculus share a closer relationship with them than with other cyprinid fishes.更多还原