【摘要】 稻作梯田分布在我国南方亚热带、热带的丘陵和山地。它的产生与土壤的淋滤——粘化和酸化作用密切相关,因此,梯田都分布在碳酸盐已被强烈分解和淋洗、物理风(?)彻底、pH<7.0,一般在6.0以下的土壤。这种土壤如作旱地,农事操作费工,作物生长不良。渍水耕作,则可大大减少土壤酸度,使某些营养物质向有效态含量转化,改善农业劳动强度,增加农业收成。稻作梯田,是一种爽水型水稻土,土体构型好,水热条件适宜,农业耕作容易均匀一致,水稻的生长发育、抽穗和成熟较坝槽田均匀整齐、产量稳定。稻作梯田有机质分解快,常表现出养分收支不平衡,肥力渐减,产量较低的现象,应当随时补充有机质,予以培肥。另外,山地梯田的串灌串排,养分易流失;丘陵梯田水源欠缺以及冬季利用率低等,也是值得注意改善的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 The paddy terrace is scattered over the hilly and mountainous areasin the subtropic and tropic zone in the south of China.Its formation isclosely related to eluviation,clayization of the soil.So,all of the ter-race originated form the soil in which the carbonate has been resolved andeluviated strongly,the physical weathening of the soil has been comple-ted,and the soil’s pH is under 7.0(generally under 6.0).It has beenproved that if the soil is used as nonirrigated farmland,much more farmwork is to be needed,than that of paddy field,and the crops will notgrow better than in the paddy field.If the soil is submerged,the acidity ofthe soil will be reduced greatly,some of the nutritive substances will betransformed effectively gradually.The paddy terrace is a kind of well-drained paddy soil.The structureof soil profile is good and the condition of the water and heat issuitable,It is even easy to do farm work.Besides,the rice grows,deve-los,heads and maturess more evenly and regularly as well as the out-pput of the rice remains more field stable than the plain and hollowpaddy.The problem of paddy terrace is that the organic matter resolves qui-clkly.Under existing production condition,the soil often shows that theassimilating and resolving of the O.M.are not balanced,the fertilityof soil decreases gradually,and the yield become lower.The O.M.should often be replenished to fertilize the soil.In addition,becausemountainous terrace is irrigated in series,the soil nutrient is lost easily.The hilly terrace is deficient in the source of water,and its utilizationratio in winter——these problems should be paid great attention to.更多还原