【摘要】 本文通过实验观察了阳极斑点形成过程中电弧电压和孤柱电位分布的变化及纵向磁场在其中的影响,并测量了电子温度和密度值。实验中还观察了因弧柱收缩所产生的相应变化。实验中发现了两种不同的阳极斑点模式——辉点和块熔斑点。文中提出弧柱收缩的理论对阳极斑点现象及纵向磁场的作用进行解释,认为弧柱收缩是阳极斑点形成的中间过程。文中以此理论为基础建立了数学模型。该模型首次给出了在具有纵向磁场的真空电弧中阳极斑点形成过程的定量关系。实例计算结果与实验基本相符。更多还原

【Abstract】 The changes of arc voltage and potential distribution in arc column duringthe process of anode spot development and the effects of axial magnetic field onthe changes have been investigated, and the electronic temperature and densityare measured. The effects of column contraction have also been studied. Twodifferent kinds of anode spot, glowing spot and area-melting spot, have beenfound. A column contraction theory is suggested to explain the anode spot phe-nomena and the effects of axial magnetic field. Based on this theory, a mathe-matical model has been developed. With this model the process of anode spotdevelopment under the action of axial magnetic field can be calculated quantita-tively. This work is believed to be original, and the theoretical calculations agreewell with experimental results.更多还原