【摘要】 在动式大气中毒室模拟居民燃煤炉发生烟气给大鼠和金黄地鼠吸入染毒3和1个月。设高浓度短时间,低浓度长时间染毒组和对照组。高浓度组染毒2周后金黄地鼠肺灌洗液中肺巨噬细胞(PMφ)数下降,生化指标和肺病理检查未见明显改变。另用燃煤产生的颗粒物经气管注入染毒,大鼠肺灌洗液PMφ数下降,中性白细胞数增加,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、酸性磷酸酶(AGP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、白蛋白、N-乙酰神经氨酸(N—Acetylneuraminic acid,NA)增加。燃煤烟气吸入使大鼠碳氧血红蛋白(HbCO)增高,超过对健康不良反应的阈值。用兔观察HbCO消减情况,脱离接触后,HbCO消减迅速,半减期为1.27h。上述结果表明燃煤烟气通过吸入途径可使肺巨噬细胞的数量降低,但未引起肺组织损伤;由气管灌入的高剂量燃煤颗粒物可引起肺组织和PMφ的损伤。由于染毒方式和剂量的不同,燃煤烟气与颗粒物的毒性反应有明显差别。更多还原

【Abstract】 Coal stoves were installed in exposure chambers housing rats and hamsters. The coal was burned in the same way as used by local residents. The rats were exposed for three months and the hamsters for one month. The animals were divided into three groups. One group inhaled high concentration waste gasea for short periods, another inhaled low concentration waste gases for long periods, and the third group served as controls. after two weeks’ exposure, pulmonary macro- phage numbers (PMφ) in the high concentration group decreased. But the biochemical parameters and the result of lung pathological examination showed no significant difference between the exposed and the control groups. The toxicity of particulates from coal combustion was also observed. The particulate matter was injected into rat lungs through the trachea. Changes after the exposure include: decrease in the number of PMφ in lung lavage, and increase in polymorphonuclear neutrophils, albumin and N-acetyl-neuraminic acid and activities of LDH, ACP, AKP. Inhalation of waste gases from coal combustion result in an increase of blood carbo hemoglobin (HbCO) in rats, exceeding the hazardous effect threshold value. The kinetics of HbCO was observed in rabbits. After the exposure stopped, blood HbCO of the rabbits decreased rapidly, with a half-life of 1.27 hours. These results indicated that the inhalation of waste gases from coal combustion could reduce the number of PMφ, but did not result in pulmonary injury. The coal particulate matter injected into lung through trachea resulted in injury of lung and PMφ. Because of differences in dosage and route of administration, the toxic effect was different between waste gases and particulate matters .from coal combustion.更多还原