【摘要】 考虑观测误差、截断误差和数值天气预报的需要,本文给出了决定最优相邻测站之间距离d、最优垂直网格距Δp和最优观测时间间隔Δt的公式。这些公式和预报所考虑的最短波长,以及最大观测误差和波幅的比有关,对于不同尺度的天气系统,结果很不一样。 对于过滤大气模式,d,Δp,Δt的值和世界气象组织对全球观测系统所要求的相近;但对于原始方程大气模式,Δt的值则远比过滤大气模式的为小。因而,用现有常规观测系统研究大气运动的快过程并不适宜,只能借助于以地面为基础的和以空间为基础的最优的混合观测系统才有可能。更多还原

【Abstract】 In consideration of the observational error, the truncation error and the requirements of numerical weather prediction, three formulas for determining the distance between two neighboring stations d, the vertical increment Δp and the observational time interval At in optimum sense, have been derived. Since they depend on the shortest wave length taken into account and the ratio of the maximum observational error to the corresponding wave amplitude, the results obtained are quite different for different scale systems. For the filtered model, the values of d, of Δp and of Δt, in general, come near those required in the MANUAL ON THE GLOBAL OBSERVING SYSTEM published in 1980 by WMO. However, the values of Δt required by the model are much greater than those required by the primitive equation model.Therefore, it is improper to study the fast moving processes of the atmospheric motion on the basis of the current conventional observations only. It is necessary to establish an optimum composite system which includes the surface-based and the space-based observational system.更多还原