【摘要】 本文讨论了有效辐射量的各种计算方法,比较了它们的精度,并使用海口、南宁、赣州、汉口、上海、北京、太原七个日射站1959—1964年的逐日日射资料和辐射平衡资料,计算了晴天大气逆辐射和有效辐射,並建立了我们的计算式。同时,选取高、中、低云云量分别为10时的资料,计算了云对大气逆辐射及有效辐射的影响,进而分析了我国东部地区全年各月的长波辐射特征。更多还原

【Abstract】 Utilizing the radiation data observed at definite times every day from 1959 to 1934 at 7 solar radiation stations in East China and by three methods, i.e. by using the equation of. transport of atmospheric long wave radiation given by M. [8].the radiation chart of W. M. Elsasser and empirical equationwe calculated the atmospheric couter-radiation and the effective radiation according to choosing the atmospheric counter-radiation and effective radiation corres ponding to low clouds,middle clouds and high clouds with cloudiness as 10, we obtained the attenuation coefficients of atmospheric counterradiation and effective radiation and thus analyzed the effective radiation and the effect of clouds on attenuation of effective radiation and atmospheric counter radiation in the east part of China.We have got the following conclusions.1 . The calculated values of effective radiation by three methods, e. g. theoretical calculation, calculation by graph and by empirical formulas, are close with each other. The relative error in whole year is generally less than 8 %. 2. The attenuation of effective radiation due to clouds is much larger than that of atmospheric counter radiation. The attenuation coefficient of effective radiation due to low clouds is 0.49-0.85; that due to middle clouds is 0.44-0.69 and that due to high clouds is 0.1-0.37.However the attenuation coefficient of atmospheric counter radiation due to low clouds almost agrees with that due to middle clouds and equal to 0.1-0.25 and that due to high clouds is 0.03-0.01.3 . In East China, the maximum of attenuation of effective radiations dueto low clouds, middle clouds and high clouds are all in the area along lower and middle Changjiang River.4 . All the maxima of attenuation of effective radiation due to low clouds,middle clouds and high clouds occur in winter months while all the minima occur in summer months.5 . The amplitude variations of attenuation of effective radiation amongdifferent areas in winter months are relatively small while in summer months they become to be lager.更多还原