【摘要】 <正> 柴达木盆地是青藏高原东北部的一个大型拗陷盆地(北纬36°-39°30’,东经90°-98°30’),介于阿尔金山、祁连山以及昆仑山支脉祁曼塔格和布尔汗布达山之间,东西长850公里,南北宽250公里,土地总面积约20万平方公里(见3页图1) 青藏高原平均海拔4000米以上,而柴达木盆地为2600-3200米,从西北向东南倾斜。盆地中心盐泽广布,所以蒙语称之为“柴达木”。它是青藏高原和西北干旱区的过渡地带,自然条件上兼具高寒和干旱的特点,对农业生产限制较大。1980年总人口25.8万人,其中农业人口仅占37%。这里矿产资源丰富,号称“聚宝盆”,氯化钾、氯化钠、氯化镁、锂、碘、溴等储量均占全国第一,天然碱、钙、芒硝、硼矿等都名列前茅,还有较丰富的铅锌矿和石更多还原

【Abstract】 The Qaidam Basin, with an area of about 200,000 sq. km., is an enclosedfaulted basin on the northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau. It is character-ized by a cold and dry environment which restricts the agricultural Product-ion rather severly. Yet, the basin is very rich in mineral resources and willsoon be developed into a large-scale mining and industrial base, which in turnneeds and stimulates a large agricultural development. The key for agricul-tural development in this harsh environment is to make an optimal use of thelocal limited natural resources and to control and ameliorate the widespreadunfavorable Physical conditions.The Qaidam Basin may be divided into two natural zones: the southeasterndesert-steppe zone and the northwestern desert zone. the Physical conditionsof the former are much better and the agricultural development is much great-er. The latter is mostly desolute gobi, yardang, and salt marshes, in whichthe agriculture is restricted to the small and scattered suburbs of the indust-rial and mining centers.11 first-level and 55 second-level land types are identified in the Qai-dam Basin. They are essentially distributed in concentric belts. The potentialarable land resources are mainly restricted to the frontal margin of piedmontplain where the water and soil conditions are somewhat better and saliniza-tion hazard is less critical. There are about 12 million mu of arable land re-sources in the Qaidam Basin, of which, about 0.6 million mu have already beenirrigated and cultivated.There exist also a considerable amount of water resources in the QaidamBasin, mostly not yet used. Irrigated farmlands might be more than doubledin the near future. if there is such a need.Abundant sunshine and solar radiation make the Qaidam Basin capable ofvery high agricultural yield, if irrigation water is available. The XianrideState Farm has already won the highest re of spring wheat harvest (2026catty/mu) in China.更多还原