【摘要】 在湘北沅水下游的平原集中棉区,蜘蛛在棉虫捕食性天敌中占80.67％,其种类已知6科10种。草间小黑蛛为优势种,常见的还有八斑球腹蛛、T-纹豹蛛与食虫瘤胸蛛。本文分析了棉花各生育期的蜘蛛群落组成和数量动态,在棉苗期和蕾期前段,蜘蛛在数量上对棉蚜具有压倒优势,可起有效控制作用。此后由于滥施剧毒农药,蜘蛛群落遭到毁灭性破坏,其数量在整个花铃期处于低水平的不规则波动状态中,无力发挥有效影响。改善冬作物清茬作业和合理用药,是保护棉田蜘蛛资源的两大关键。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the cotton growing regions of North Hunan, according to collections and identifications of specimens, there are 10 species of spiders representing 6 families. The commonly known species are Erigonidium graminicolum (Sundevall), Theridion octomaculatum Does, et Str., Pardosa T—insignita (Boes. et Str.) and Oedothorax insecticeps Boes. et Str. The population of Erigonidium graminicolum (Sundevall) is the largest, with wide range of distribution, and has been considered as the species of high potential in the cotton fields. The population of (?)verwinting spiders is rich and plenty (an average of 7.14~12.00 er 1 M~2). These spiders are considered(?)s the storage depot for controlling cotton aphids on the cotton seedl(?)gs. In early June, the break down of aphid population predacious is parallel to the abundance of predacious spiders. Their population is broliferous at this moment. The ratio of spider and aphid population is estimated as 1:0.13～1:0.34, which is good at controlling the propagation cotton aphids. As the ratio of spider and aphid varied during late square stage, the spiders can no longer put the aphids in check. Frequently spray with chemical insecticides will affect the survival of spiders a great deal. Harvesting of wheat also kill the spiders to some extent juries. The critical approach to protect the spiders in cotton field is to apply chemical insecticides reasonably. In the integrated pest management p(?)gram of cotton, protection and reasonably utilization of the cotton field spiders should be given a first place.更多还原