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提高露天矿爆破质量的研究

A RESEARCH FOR IMPROVING EFFECT OF BLASTING IN OPEN PIT

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【作者】 吴子骏

【Author】 Wu Zi Jun (Changsha Research Institute of Mining)

【机构】 长沙矿山研究院

【摘要】 本文主要依据长沙矿山研究院、德兴铜矿和南昌有色冶金设计研究院等三单位于1980~1982年在德兴铜矿为提高露天矿梯段爆破质置所作的研究工作,它论述了爆破参数,如孔网参数、微差间隔时间、单位炸药消耗量,装药结构、装填比例、起爆方式等对矿岩爆破的影响;探讨了由现场半工业试验转为工业生产试验的方法;提出了合理爆破参数的确定原则及其计算公式;针对德兴铜矿矿岩特性,采用综合技术措施,改善难爆矿岩的破碎质量。在试验研究过程中,把用高速摄影、地震测量和声学检测等现代观测手段所获得的数据,作为确定爆破参数的科学基础之一。整个试验研究工作取得了较好的技术经济效果。与开展试验前同类型的生产爆破相比,试验炮在单位炸药消耗量减少23.64~32.73%情况下,矿岩爆破平均大块率降低51.85~85.21%,平均延米炮孔爆破量提高13.14~17.60%,平均电铲作业效率提高14.52%。最后,作者根据德兴铜矿目前的具体情况,就进一步提高梯段爆破质量,提出了若干建议。

【Abstract】 This treatise is mainly based on the reseach for improving the effect of bench bla-sting at Dexing Copper Mine.The test work was carried out in 1980~1982 in cooper-ation with Changsha Research Institute of Mining,Dexing Copper Mine and Nan-chang Nonferrous Metallurgical Designing-Research Institute.This paper discusses theeffects of parameters on rock blasting,such as the drilling patterns,short delay interval,specific charge,charged construction,ratio of length of charge to length of stemming,ignition patterns,etc.The way for transferring from pilot to full scale test is exploredThe principles and formulas to determine reasonable blasting parameters are proposed.In view of the properties of rock in Dexing Copper Mine,comprehensive technologicalmeasures were used to improve the fragmentation of the rock which was hard to beblasted.In the process of reseach the observations with modern high-speed photography,recording ground vibrations,acoustical measuring,etc,are regarded as one of the scien-tific bases for determining blasting parameters.The whole research has yielded bettertechnological and economic results.As compared with the same type of productive bla-sting as before,the specific charge was reduced by 23.64-32.73%,the average of boulderrate decreased by 51.85-85.21%,the average volume of rock excavated per-metre holeincreased by 13.14-17.60% and the average of shoveling efficiency raised by 14.52%.Fin-ally,according to the current circumstances of the mine,the author made some sugge-stions to further improve the effect of bench blasting.

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