【摘要】 本研究是在北京城区六个日托幼儿园所作的关于5至7岁独生和非独生子女某些个性特征差异的比较研究。被试有138名独生子女和127名非独生子女,其中男孩120名、女孩145名。观察了五类行为:独立性、助人行为、依赖性、攻击行为和友好行为,这五类行为共有16个观察项目。在所有三个年龄组,非独生子女在依赖性,助人行为和攻击行为等方面的平均得分总的来说略高于独生子女,但是没有统计学上显著差异。只有五岁组在独立性方面独生和非独生子女之间的差异达到显著性水平(P<0.005)。对被试家长问卷的分析也表明,独生子女与非独生子女之间在大多数项目和年龄组都没有显著差别。只有独立性这一方面在五岁组差异是显著的。我们还比较了性别差异,在所观察的五类行为中除了助人行为之外,在依赖性、独立性、攻击性行为和友好行为等方面都存在显著的性别差异。在友好行为方面女孩比男孩表现好,而男孩比女孩更富有攻击性。更多还原

【Abstract】 A comparison was made on certain differences in individualitybetween 5 to 7-year-old onlies and non-onlies at six day-care centersin the urban areas of Beijing. The subjects were 138 onlies and 127 non-onlies, including 120 boysand 145 girls. Five categories of behaviors, namely: independency, helpfulness,dependency, aggressiveness and friendliness were observed, involving 16items in total. In the three age groups, the average scores on dependency, helpfulnessand aggressiveness of the non-onlies were, in most cases, slightly higherthan those of the onlies, difference is not statistically significant.Only the difference in dependency between the onlies and non-onliesin the 5-year-old group was significant (P<0.005). A detailed analysisof the questionaires returned from the subjects’ parents led to similarresults. We also made comparisons between sex-based differences. Itrevealed that except for the item on helpful behavior, there weresignificant differences between. sexes on dependency, independency,aggressiveness and friendliness. Girls were more friendly and boys weremore aggressive.更多还原