【摘要】 在光学显微镜、电镜扫描观察中,根据形态上易于分辨的特征,将油菜花芽分化过程划分为八个时期15个阶段。分化的顺序是花萼原基、雄蕊原基、雌蕊原基、花瓣原基和蜜腺原基。主基花芽分化与叶龄数关系密切。上海适期播种的甘蓝型油菜,主茎花芽开始分化时的叶龄数平均为9.8(9～11),主基总叶数(包括叶痕、绿叶及在电镜中能分辨出的叶芽)平均是23.6(22.9～24.1)。自花芽开始分化至雌雄蕊成熟约105～120天。更多还原

【Abstract】 The patterns of the differentiation and formation of floral organsin rape(Brassica napus)were observed by using light microscope andscanning electron microscope.On the basis of the morphological changesof the floral buds the differentiation phase can be devided into 8 stagesand 15 sub-stages.The 8 stages are designated as 1.pre-differentiation;2.formation of flower primordia;3.formation of calyx primordial;4. differentiation of stamens and pistil as well as formation of sepals;5.differentiation of primitive carpels;6.differentiation of petal primordia;7.initial formation of stamens and pistil;and 8.maturity of stamensand pistil.The sequence of the floral bud differentiation in rape is in the foll-owing order:calyx primordium—stamen primordium—pistil primord-ium—petal primordium—nectory primordium.The initial formation of floral organs was closely related to the ageof the leaf.The observation made on 139 seedlings showed that the flo-ral buds on the main stem began to differentiate when the average leafage was 9.8(9～11)days,and the main stem had 23.6(22.9～24.1)leaf blades in total.The time between the differentiation of the floralbuds at the tip of main stem and the maturity of stamens and pistil wasabout 105～120 days.更多还原