【摘要】 <正> 三江平原(包括穆稜—兴凯平原)位于我国的东北部,是黑龙江、乌苏里江和松花江汇流的三角地带,是由沼泽、草甸、森林、河流、湖泊和农田组成的一个巨大的湿生生态系统的低湿平原,是我国重要商品粮基地之一。这里蕴藏着丰富的泥炭资源,合理地开发利用更多还原

【Abstract】 With plenty of peat resources, Shanjiang Plain has a reserve amounting to 1.2—1.5 billion cubic meters. Most of them belong to the eutrophic low moor peat. Peat is an excellent resource of organic matter which can be used for reclamation of soils and preparation of organic fertilizers. Peat is rich in organic matter (about 60% of dry matter weight), humic acids (more than 30%) and nitrogen (1.8%). Its water-holoing capacity is up to 500—900% and its adsorption capacity of ammonia can be up to 1%.Experiments showed that peat could be used for the improvement of soil physical and chemical conditions such as increasing the content of soft organic matter by 1—1.5%, the total nitrogen content by 0.02—0.06%, the total porosity by 7—10%, the water content by 5—6% and decreasing the volume weight of soil by 0.1—0.2 g/cm~3 and consequently increasing crop yields by 10—30%. Its residual effect could be maintained for more than three years. The optimum dose of peat applied directly to the field was 10—15 m~3/mu.Peat application mixed with adequate amounts of water-soluble nitrogenous and phosphoric fertilizers, especially with the latter, could raise its effect on early ripeness and high yield of crops. A series of methods for application of peat and preparation of organie fertilizer were studied in the past four years. The results showed that in addition to direct application to the soils, peat can be also mixed with animal excreta and night soil, and it can be used for bedding and composting, and preparation of humicfertilizers.It was also found that peat application to the thermophilic crops on the lowlands would often bring about the stunted seedlings, overgrowth or delay of maturation of crops, however, it was most suitable for potato, soybean, sugar beet, rice, fruit trees and vegetables.Because the peat is an excellent natural resource of organic materials, it is recommended that some peat lands should be reserved for further research, in addition, fire prevention of the peat land should be of most impotance for the conservation of peat land.更多还原