【摘要】 当放射性物质污染水的比放射性在1×10^-4居里/升时,芝麻杆灰、玉米杆灰、红薯藤灰等及土类作净化剂时的二级净化率都在95.2—99.8%之间。用光谱定性方法分析芝麻杆灰和麦杆灰的水浸液得知,其中含有Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺,Si³⁺,Al³⁺及CO₃^2-,SO₄^2-,PO₄^3-,Cl^-等离子。试验表明,CO₃^2-,Cl^-等离子的存在有助于提高对放射性⁹⁰锶的净化效率,Ca²⁺、PO₄^3-等离子的存在则使芝麻杆灰对⁹⁰锶的净化效率有所下降。更多还原

【Abstract】 Decontamination of radioactivity-contaminated water by chemical methods has beenfamiliar to us, but it is expensive and the required chemicals are not readily available.We use ash of some plants and mud as purifying material with success; the new methodhas the advantage of being low cost and convenient to use. The mixture of mud andplant ash can remove ⁹⁰Sr, ¹⁴⁴Ce, ¹³⁷Cs, ¹⁷⁰Tu and ¹³¹I etc. efficiently from water. Whenthe specific radioactivity was 10^-4 Ci/1, the rates of purification ranged 95.2-99.8%. Studying the mechanism of purification, we found that the process not only hasthe effect of physical adsorption, but also involves ion exchange. The ash of plantscontains ions like CO_<sup>2-, SO₄^2-, Cl^- PO₄^3-, and Ca²⁺, etc. CO₃^2-,SO.₄^2-, and Cl^-raise, whereas Ca²⁺ and PO₄^3- reduce, the rate of purification of ⁹⁰Sr,更多还原