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西太平洋底质及其分区

BOTTOM MATERIALS AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION IN THE WEST PACIFIC OCEAN

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【作者】 朱佛宏马道修牛作民朱成文王志喜曲高升

【Author】 Zhu Fohong Ma Daoxiu Niu ZuominZhu Chengwen Wang Zhixi Qu Gaosheng (Institute of Marine Geology Ministry of Geology and Mineral’ Resources)

【机构】 地质矿产部海洋地质研究所地质矿产部海洋地质研究所

【摘要】 <正> 海底沉积物的系统研究始于1872—1876年英国《挑战者》号的调查.第二次世界大战后许多国家都大力发展了深海调查.但到1968年深海钻探计划实施前,人们仍主要局限于松散沉积物的调查.本文论述的西太平洋海区是指东起夏威夷,西至亚洲大陆,南达新西兰和澳大利亚,北到白令海峡的广大海区(图1).底质的分布及其分类,主要是根据美国拉蒙特-多尔蒂地质调查所和我国的有关资料综合分析研究后完成的.本区沉积物按其物质来源大致可分为陆源的、生物的和多源的三大类.

【Abstract】 According to the material sources, the bottom sediments of the west Pacific Ocean are of three types: terrigenous, biogenic and multiorigin.The terrigenous sediment consists mainly of terrigenous clastic materials such as gravel, sand, silt and silty clay etc., most of which are distributed on the Continental shelf and in the shallow-water and slope areas around the islands.The biogenic sediment can again be divided into two types siliceous and calcium. The siliceous sediment is dominantly distributed in the deep-water areas of the marginal seas and on the both sides of the equator, while the calcium sediment, in the Southwest Pacific Ocean, on the both sides of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean, in the uplifted floor areas of the North Pacific Ocean and in some marginal sea areas.As for the multiorigin sediment, it refers largely to the pelagic clay distributed in the north and south Pacific basins. The pelagic clay in the North Pacific contains mainly illite, whereas that in the South Pacific, montmorillonite.The major factors controlling the distribution of bottom materials are sea-floor topography, material source, hydrodynamical conditions, water depth, climate and marine chemistry. A basic morphologic feature of the West Pacific is the development of a series of island arc-trenches and marginal seas along the con-tinental margin. Due to the blocking of the island-arcs, most of the clastic materials derived and transported from the Eastern Asia continent are deposited in the marginal seas west of the island arcs.Being one of the important constituents of the hydrodynamical system of the West Pacific Ocean, the circulation exerts an influence both on the surficial and medial water layers. And in this region, it can be divided into 5 zones, i. e., the north circulation zone, the south subtropical circulation zone, the north sub-tropical circulation zone, the equatorial current zone and circumcontinental zone.Based on the sediment sources, the bottom materials of the West Pacific Ocean are divided into two first-order depositional regions: the terrigenous depositional region (I) and the pelagic depositional region (II). The former represents the vast sea area between the continent and the island-arcs, which is dominated by terrigenous clastic sediment and, next to it, biogenic sediment. The latter includes the ocean area east of the island-arc and Australia (with water depth usually over 4000m), the sediments being mainly biogenic and multiorigin ones.The following 6 second-order depositional subregions can be distinguished based on the above division and according to the differences in sediment type and factors controlling the distribution of the sediment: (1)continental shelf deposi-tional subregion of terrigenous clastic sediments (I1); (2) marginal sea depositional subregion of deep-water terrigenous clasic sediments and biogenic sediments (I2); (3) island-arc depositional subregion of clastic and volcanic materials (I3); (4) north and south Pacific depositional subregion of pelagic clays (II1); (5) equatorial depositional subregion of biogenic sediments (II2); (6) Southwest Pacific deposi. tional subregion of calcium biogenic sediments (II3).

  • 【文献出处】 海洋地质与第四纪地质 ,Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology , 编辑部邮箱 ,1984年02期
  • 【被引频次】5
  • 【下载频次】114
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