【摘要】 <正> 鳅科 Cobitidae 是鲤亚目现生鱼类中第二大类群,约有23个属200个种和亚种。广泛分布于华来氏线以北的亚洲、欧洲和北非。中国是鳅科种类最丰富的国家,有18个属约100个种和亚种,有些属种是我国特有的。关于鳅科在鲤亚目中的分类位置及与其他科间宗系发生的相互关系,伍献文等(1981)已作了详述。本文通过骨骼和形态特征的比较分析来探讨鳅科的亚科划分及亚科之间的宗系发生的相互关系,并进一步讨论它们的起源、分布及演化等问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 China is a country provided with a rich cobitid fish fauna which is represented by 18 genera and about 100 species and it is with certain facility to make studies on the phylogene-tic relation ships of the subfamilies of Cobitidae.Three subfamilies are recognized in the family Cobitidae. Skeletonized specimens of 38 species belonging to 17 genera were prepared, each subfamily being represented with certain representative species for comparison.Wu et al. (1981) have indicated that the family Catostomidae is comparatively primitive in the suborder Cyprinoidei, to which Cobitidae also belongs. Thus, we assume that characters which are homologous and similar to those found in Catostomidae are plesiomorpho-us, otherwise, they are apomorphous.Morphological characters, such as the suborbital spine, the construction of the bony ga-sbladder capsule, the prepalatine and the location of the rostral barbels have been selected for phylogenetic analysis. The result shows that cobitid fishes may be divided into two main sister groups, the first group consists of only the subfamily Noemacheilinae which is characterized by lacking of a suborbital spine as its ancestor, the second group consists of another two sister groups, subfamilies Botiinaetiinae and Cobitinae, which are provided with an apomorphous character, the suborbital spine. This fact leads us to believe that Noemacheilinae is more primitive, while Botiinae and Cobitinae are more advanced in the evolutionary course. Botiinae, bearing more ancestral characters, such as the prepalatine and the construction of the bony gasbladder capsule being all allied to those of the Noemacheilinae, should be more primitive than the subfamily Cobitinae.更多还原