【摘要】 为了发展惰性阳极炼铝新技术,选用氧化锡为基体,并添加ZnO、CuO、Fe₂O₃、Sb₂O₃和Bi₂O₃等几种改性剂,用烧结法研制成惰性阳极。此类阳极的表观密度为6.10～6.73g/cm³,电阻率（1000℃时）为0.00208～1.99Ω·cm。在冰晶石-氧化铝熔液中,它是电化学惰性的,并具有较强的抗腐蚀性。采取适当的阳极电流密度,降低电解温度,减少阴极存铝,应用V形阳极及较佳的阳极组成,能够使腐蚀速度降至0.00010g/（cm²·h）。更多还原

【Abstract】 Consumable carbon anodes, although troublesome to operate and replaced frequently for CO and CO2 formation, are currently accepted in aluminium production. It urges people to make efforts to improve the property of anodes used in aluminium electrolysis. An attempt has been made to develop SnO2-based inert anode so as to save the operating costs due to anode consumption and replacement and further to make it possible for the anode to shorten and stabilize its distance to cathode.Summary. Eletrolysis tests are carried out tentatively using some anodes prepared from different metals and oxides. By comparison, SnO2 has been chosen as the basic material for the inert anode to be expected. This kind of anodes was prepared by use of sintering process with the additions of more than two oxides, such as ZnO, CuO, Fe3O3, Bi2O3 and Sb2O3, with which the sinterability, compactness and electrical conductivity of the anode can be significantly improved. These electrochemically inert anodes are at an apparent density of 6.16~6.73g/cm3 with a resistivity of 0.00208~1.99Ω·cm at 1000℃ and a back-emf of 2.3~2.4V at 960℃ in cryolite-alumina melt. Better corrosion-resistance of the anode against cryolite melt is gained in aluminium electrolysis process. It is found that the anode corrosion is mainly due to the reduction reaction of metallic aluminium in electrolyte. As well as the improvement of chemical composition of anode, such measures as controlling anode current density, lowering the electrolysis temperature, decreasing the volume of aluminium pad on cathode bottom and shaping the anode working surface at an angle (cf. Fig.7) etc are regarded as necessary to be taken to reduce the corrosion rate of anode. The corrosion rate of anode can thus be reduced to 0.00010g/cm2 per hour when using a V-shaped SnO2-based anode.Fig.1 Tern pereature-dependent density of SnO2-based anode in sinteringFig.2 Resistivity measurement device for inert anode Fig.3 Dependence of temperature on inert anode resistivity Fig.4 Back-emf measurement deviceFig.5 Dependence of inert anode current density on back-emf Real line: current increases; Dotted line: current decreases.Fig.6 Schematic of an anode setting1-wire; 2-HT cements 3-anode piece; 4-corundum tube; 5-anode claw; 6-conducting pass.Fig.7 Experimental cell using V-shaped SnO2-based anode1-anode; 2-electrolysis solution; 3-Al-liquid cavity; 4-iron jacket; 5-corundum lining. 6-V-shaped cathode. Tab.1 Specification of SnO2-bascd inert anode Tab.2 Corrosion behavior of SnO2-based inert anode by tests Photo 1 Some anode specimens prepared Photo 2 Microstructure of SnO2-based anode (250X)更多还原