【摘要】 <正> 近年来,国内外科学工作者,为了更有效地与害虫作斗争,试图从开辟防治新技术,开发对害虫高效,不易产生抗药性,而对人畜、作物、环境、产品安全的选择性农药等途径,以达到控制害虫的目的。植物性昆虫拒食剂的研究和发展,就是应时而兴起的一个重要方面。因此,楝科植物(包括川楝、苦楝、苦树等)又重新得到人们的重视。Saxena等(1979、1981)、Tu等(1981)、赵善欢等(1982)先后用印楝素、印楝油及苦楝、川楝种核(仁)粉抽提物,对水稻纵卷叶螟、褐稻虱、白背飞虱和三化螟等进行了室内测定,证明对这些害虫均具有不同程度的生物活性。最近,作者等用工业品苦楝油对小麦粘虫进行测定,发现对低龄幼虫表现出较高的拒食作用。继而,又对水稻主要害虫,包括三化螟、二化螟、大螟、稻纵卷叶螟、褐稻虱、白背飞虱等,分别在室内、盆栽水稻及田间小区进行试验,取得初步结果,现整理于后。更多还原

【Abstract】 Experiments carried out both in the fields and laboratory showed that the chinaberry seed oil manifested diverse effects on major rice insects. Within the range of concentration from 1:100 to 1:400 the seed oil acted quite well as an antifeedant to yellow rice borers (Tryporyza incertulas Walker),white-backed planthoppers (Sogatella furcifera Horvath) and brown planthoppers (Nilaparvata lugens Stal). This plant oil also showed some systemic effect on these insect pests. However,it only showed insignificant antifeedant effect on striped rice borers (Chilo suppressals Walker) and pink rice borers(Sesamia inferens Walker),and no effect on leaf-hoppers (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee)and rice thrips (Baliothrips biferrnis Bagnall).Experiments were also carried out on two new insect repellants, JAP821 and JAP-822, which proved to be effective in controlling striped rice borers. Deadheart damage to potted rice plant was evidently reduced by spraying with JAP-821 and JAP-822,the seedling protection effect of which was higher by 50-70% and 80-90%, while the control effect on the newly hatched larvae of striped rice borers was higher by 15-50% and 70-80% respectively as compared with that of the chinaberry seed oil.更多还原