【摘要】 为了探讨苹果根系和地上部在年周期中的生长关系,曾用根窖法连续二年观察了13年生金冠和国光苹果的根系在一年中的生长动态,以及其与地上部枝、叶、果实等生长的相互关系。 在保定栽培条件下,苹果根系于 3℃即开始生长,20～24℃为根系生长的适温。在一年当中,根系生长早于地上部,有三次生长高峰,但在上、下土层间,其生长量有所不同。新生白色根,可分为延伸的生长根及侧生的吸收根两种,前者的生长量大,而后者根段的数量多。 在地上部,枝条有二次生长高峰。叶片随枝条生长而迅速展开,到5月下旬,在枝中间出现一次小叶,此时叶幕已基本形成。对以后供应营养具有重要意义。 在一年中根系和枝条生长呈交替生长现象。即根生长高峰过后出现枝的生长高峰,反之枝生长缓慢时又出现根的生长高峰。更多还原

【Abstract】 13-year-6ld’Golden Delicious’ and ’Rails’ apple trees were employed to study the relationship between root and top growth during the whole year in Baoding, Hebei province. The growth of the roots was observed in the conventional underground observation chamber.Root growth started at 3℃ , about 3-4 weeks before the growth of the shoots. The optimum temperature for root growth was 20-24℃ . Du-ring the whole year, three growth peaks were observed.The shoots showed two growth periods.The first period ended in about late May. At that time, over 80% of the total leaf area of the tree has been formed. Between the two growth periods, there occurred a short zone of a few leaves much smaller than the normal ones.The growth of roots and shoots alternate with each other, i.e.,after the growth peak of the roots, the shoots grow rapidly and conversely, when the roots grow rapidly, the growth of the shoots slows down.更多还原