【摘要】 <正> 天麻属Gastrodia R.Br.在兰科中隶属树兰亚科Epidendroidae、天麻族Gastrodieae、天麻亚族Gastrodinae。全世界约有20种以上,分布于旧世界热带、亚热带、温带以至寒温带山地。从马达加斯加经锡兰、印度、喜马拉雅山南各国,东南亚诸国以至新几内亚、澳大利亚、新西兰、新喀里多尼亚、小笠原群岛、日本、朝鲜、中国以及苏联远东地区。 本属已发表可以确认的种,在我国大陆上以前仅有一种及一变型,即天麻G.elataBl.及绿天麻G.elata Bl.f.viridis Makino。在我国台湾省记录了6个种和1个变更多还原

【Abstract】 Gastrodia is a genus of over 20 species, extending from Madagascar to tropical Asia and Oceania, and northwards to Japan, China and the Far East of Soviet Union. There are so far nine species recorded in China, five of which are generally recognized as distinct species, including the recently discovered G. tuberculata F. Y. Liu ct S. C. Chen. However, G. mairci Schltr.is reduced here to a synonym of G. data B1., based on an examination of the isotype (Maire 13) preserved in Oakes Ames Orchid Herbarium. In addition, a new species C. angusta S. Chow et S. C. Chen is discorvered from Yunnan province, which is related to G. data. Thus, we have altogether five species in China:1. Gastroda data Bl.(Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei, Hunan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi, Xizang, Taiwan) 2. G. tuberculaata F. Y. Liu ct S. C. Chen (Yunnan)3. G. angusta S. Chow et S. C. Chen (Yunnan)4. G. gracilis Bl. (Taiwan)5. G. javanica (Bl.) Lindl. (Taiwan)G. data, as is well known, is one of the important and popular drugs used in China since ancient times. It is prescribed for rheumatism, neuralgia, paralysis, headachs and other nervous disorders. At present cultivation of this species has been successful in some regions, and selection of fine varieties has become even more important. For this reason we divide the sptcics into six forms: G, data f. viridis Mak. f. glauca S. Chow, f. alba S. Chow, t. data, f. flavida S. Chow, and f. pilifera Tuyama, according to a careful observation on living materialis. This does not include G. data f. gracilis, an uncertain entity published by Pampanini form Hubei in 1915.In order to facilitate identification, as well as selection of fine forms for cultivation, descriptions are given of all taxa recognized here, together with key to species and forms, and account of each form of G. elata.更多还原