【摘要】 <正> 福建是我国多山的省份之一。东南部靠山面海,以戴云山为主体的闽中大山带分布于本区西北部,平均高度为海拔800—1000米以上,成东北西南走向,其支脉密布本区,地势由西北向东南倾斜,呈阶梯状下降,由中山过渡到低山、丘陵、台地直至海滨狭小的海积—冲积平原。随着高度下降和海陆位置不同,生物气候呈有规律的变化,土壤相应地表更多还原

【Abstract】 Fujian is one of the mountainous provinces in China. The plains are formed as narrow strips along the southeastern coast with mountains behind facing the sea. The high mountains of central Fujian predominated by the Daiyunshan mountains are stretched and distributed in the northwest part of the province which is under middle subtropical climate; while in the south-east part, it belongs to south subtropical climate.In this region, from hilly land in Quanzhou plain up to the summit of Mt. Daiyunshan, the vegetations change from the subtropical rain forest, the evergreen broad-leaved forest, the mixed deciduous and evergreen broad-leaved forests, the coniferous forests dominated by Pinus taiwanensis to mountain shurbs, and finally to meadow grasses with seattered dwarf Pinus taiwanensis. Correspondingly, the soils change from lateritic red earth, red earth, mountain red earth, mountain yellow-red earth to mountain yellow earth, and finally to the mountain meadow soil.the main characteristics of the soils are summarized as follows:1. The content of organic matter and total N in soils diminishes regularly downward with the decreasing of the elevation with an exception of the dark red earth caused by a dense forest. The contents of humic acid, humic residue and the ratio of humic acid to fulvic acid behave in the same trend.2. The contents of clay （< 0.002mm） are increased especially in lower horizons with the decreasing of elevation.3. There are relatively abundant hydromica and chlorite in the soils on the upper part of the mountains and kaolin in those on the lower part of the mountains. Nevertheless, the gibbsite （hydrated aluminum oxide） is found in the soils on both lower and upper parts of the mountains. The gibbsite in the soils on the upper part of the mountains is probably formed directly from some primary minerals in the rocks. Therefore, it is not considered as the product of intensive weathering. In addition, no montmorillonite is observed in the soils of this region.4. The soil allitic process in this region is occurred in medium degree. The ratio of SiO₂/Al₂O₃ of the clay （<0.001mm） fraction generally ranges from 1.7—2.0. The lateritic red earth has smaller ratio of SiO₂/R₂O₃ and SiO₂/Al₂O₃ of the day fraction than those of the red earth. These values can be employed as an important auxiliary indices to characterize the development of red earth series, though to a limited extent. However, it is unsuitable for mountain yellow earth due to higher content of the gibbsite.5. Comparatively, the natural accumulation of soil organic matter is visible. The con tents of soil organic matter often ranges from 3% to 4%, and occasionally up to 8%. Only in places where severe erosion occured due to human activities, it may fall below 1%. The ratio of humic acid to fulvic acid is 0.3—0.6. The soil CEC has significant corretation with the total content of carbon of humic and fulvic acids in the surface soils.6. The soil leaching processes is evident. Both exchangeable Ca and Mg of the soils are low in value, and there is less difference in pH among all the soils, but they are acidic in nature. Downward translocation of the day is found in the profiles, but no sign of podzolization was observed, therefore the soils under forests are not so poor in fertility.更多还原