【摘要】 本文针对机床导轨中用量最大的动压型导轨目前存在的问题,提出以下几方面的看法:①动压型导轨普遍存在的“重”、“爬”、“磨”三大缺点,主要的成因为润滑状态不良;②为改善动压型导轨的润滑状态,最有效而且简单的办法是科学地控制导轨表面的几何形貌;③目前,动压型导轨还没有可靠的设计理论和设计方法。作者对现行的一些计算公式、判据举例进行了计算和评述,认为它们常常不大可靠的主要原因是忽略了表面形貌因素;④作者对我国创造的“宽(浅)刮法”导轨的润滑状态(承载能力和油膜厚度)进行了理论计算。计算结果与试验值比较一致。在理论计算的基础上,认为“宽(浅)刮法”还有很大的潜力,并对改进方向提出了看法;⑤作者认为JB2278-78所规定的导轨刮削规范,性能是很差的,建议修改这个规范。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, the authors put forward several viewpoints about the most commonly used slideways of hydrodynamic type. Firstly, the source of existing three shortcomings, i. e. heaviness, stick-slipping and quick-wearing, of the hydrodynamic type of slideways is the bad lubrication condition. Secondly, the most effective and simplest method to improve the lubrication condition of hydrodynamic type of slideway is to control the surface texture scientifically. Thirdly, at present time, only the hydrodynamic type of slideways is still short of reliable designing calculating method, the authors believe that one of the main reasons here is the lack of counting in surface texture in existing formulae. The authors have checked several current formulae by putting in known data, they always show considerable errors. Fourthly, the authors have made theoretical analysis and calculation to the slideway with "wide-shallow scraped" surfaces, which was created in China in 1960’s, and the results are conformed with the experimental ones by and large. On the basis of theoretical analysis, we confirm the great potentiality of "wide-shallow scrapped" slideways which are usually used now in China. Fifthly, the author; propose to make modifying for JB 2278-78 to improve the norm of scraped surfaces.更多还原